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Dan Dumbacher: Well, good morning good afternoon good day wherever you may be because I know we have we have folks from Australia to the west coast of the US to the east coast to.

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Dan Dumbacher: To Europe so.

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Dan Dumbacher: First of all, thank you to everyone that's participating and all the odd time zones and and and in.

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Dan Dumbacher: Using this new technology that's actually allowing us to have these kinds of conversations as much as we'd like to be in person, this is really kind of cool that we're able to to get everyone engaged like this across the country so.

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Dan Dumbacher: This is absolutely fantastic For those of you who do not know me i'm Dan Dan Barker the executive director for Ai double a.

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Dan Dumbacher: and Canada do asked me to do a little intro and I was more than happy to do it because it's always fun to work with the Los Angeles Las Vegas section.

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Dan Dumbacher: And particularly on a topic that's near and dear to my heart, I come to Ai double a For those of you who do not know after 33 years at NASA.

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Dan Dumbacher: starting off on shuttle before sts one and then ending up as the deputy a for exploration systems until I went to go teach it some University in indiana with an engineering school in 2014.

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Dan Dumbacher: And then I double a called so what you guys are what the conversations today are extremely extremely important.

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Dan Dumbacher: As we look as a species to, as I say it extend the human neighborhood to low earth orbit and even beyond and extend the human neighborhood to to the moon, and to eventually to deep space.

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Dan Dumbacher: The kind of forward thinking that this architecture thinking ahead be creative is really help setting the stage for what the future will look like and how we can best serve.

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Dan Dumbacher: society in general and the human species, so if I find that these kinds of.

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Dan Dumbacher: Discussions are very, very engaging and very, very important, because if you don't know what you're aiming for it's kind of hard to get there and.

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Dan Dumbacher: We keep at a double a we're working hard to, as we say in the ascend world we talked in terms of building our off world future and that's what this is all about and.

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Dan Dumbacher: So I just want to.

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Dan Dumbacher: don't want to take a lot of time because you guys may have some great stuff to go talk to you don't need to hear from me, but I just want to say again, thank you to everyone for participating everyone around the globe.

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Dan Dumbacher: On this topic to some people that might seem a little far out, but we need that target, we need to know where we're aiming for, and you guys are helping.

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Dan Dumbacher: define what that is and also congratulations to can Amadou and the entire la Las Vegas section for pulling all of this together, you guys, are you have quite a series of speakers here.

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Dan Dumbacher: And it's a rather impressive and i'm looking forward to what to hearing from you guys and and seeing what kind of visions, you have because.

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Dan Dumbacher: I just want to know where we're going to go and how we're going to get there and what it looks like.

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Vittorio Netti: and

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Dan Dumbacher: The sooner we get there, the better, so we do i'll turn it over to you and.

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Dan Dumbacher: Looking forward to the to the discussion, thank you.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, Dan.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Okay it's so nice to have them you Dan come in and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: and open the session for us all, I had to do was sending a little note and said hey dad you could program would you like to join us and boy boy he gave me a happy thumbs up and i'm so glad.

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Madhu Thangavelu: you're with us then.

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Madhu Thangavelu: aws very special and it's done so many things for the Community is done so many things, for me, I used to be the education chair Dan and some years ago, do you remember, Bob brodsky.

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Madhu Thangavelu: yeah he was my.

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Madhu Thangavelu: He was my my mentor in many ways, and then a bar directing the one who started the.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Systems architect in program at usc he was my mentor and used to tell me stories from the aerospace days and how we got the DS and running.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And so, when we have Australians on board, they need to know you we have contacts there we've done some magical things right there in your home country and now i'm going to go.

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Madhu Thangavelu: share my screen.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, everybody remembers Bob brodsky.

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Madhu Thangavelu: can give me a minute.

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Madhu Thangavelu: What do you see on the screen now.

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AIAA LA-LV: it's still your face oh.

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Okay.

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AIAA LA-LV: i'll try the green button.

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Madhu Thangavelu: i'm not on the green button right.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Now, what do you see.

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AIAA LA-LV: i'm.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Still, your face, so my face if you get.

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To see.

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AIAA LA-LV: What is coming up good.

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AIAA LA-LV: Great.

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Okay.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We have two minutes and a schedule, but i'm going to run because usually I have, I have accused of running late on my slides so welcome all to the.

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Madhu Thangavelu: To this wonderful program and I give all the credit to Ken and thank you to Dan for opening.

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Madhu Thangavelu: The event so happy that people are joining us.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I teach some crazy classes in the school of engineering and in the school of architecture my education and training are in both fields.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Welcome oh.

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Madhu Thangavelu: This is the third session of the space architecture group its international because people have dreams all over the world and i'm glad, some of you are here.

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Madhu Thangavelu: So the moon and Mars is waiting for architects.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Before I start, I must mention that US he has a very unique angle or astronautics it's a very specific program we also have an aerospace engineering program so once you fly out the bounce of earth and into space or astronautical engineers come to play.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, while he was doing the mission you he was designed to the moon mission, while.

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Madhu Thangavelu: He was.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Doing his masters here at usc and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: The story is that he the Dean asked him what his difficulty was he told him he had a mission to the moon Dean, and without even flinching said no problems just bring back the report and you'll be fine so that's how the story goes now the program has grown it's growing every every year.

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Madhu Thangavelu: So, within this program is my studio it's called the St five to seven studio.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And we are focused only on one one thing alone, can you imagine, can you dream, can you bring something to me at the end of the term.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I don't care what the agency or the industry things I want your mind, can you do that, for me, and you know what every single time we have ideas and we don't really care.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Whether it goes with this person's idea this agencies idea, the experts idea, no, we want them to think originally and it helps them.

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Madhu Thangavelu: it's all about imagination and creativity, this is my class and we have some very special friends Hello.

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Madhu Thangavelu: we've got a few people watching into I think you all know, this man from the T shirt he is wearing and bus said he will tune in today if he comes in, can give him a minute, but we have a wonderful class.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Now, in the architecture school, which happens to be the other semester, that I teach they asked some damned hard questions they want to know what are we doing for humanity.

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Madhu Thangavelu: A lot of us are thinking, most of us are thinking, how to keep people alive in space in the exercises surfaces and how to do this in a responsible and safety critical matter.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We come back home and talk to the architects they're impressed, but they want to know what are we doing to help the billions of people on Planet Earth so between the two I get an in quite a few questions and we have a great discussion.

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Madhu Thangavelu: architects want to know questions about how space architecture can impact life on earth.

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Madhu Thangavelu: This is our textbook it's a timeless book, the first edition appeared before the turn of the century, the second edition in 2007.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And we are going to do the third edition, we are working on it, which should be out next year.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And we call a timeless because every time that is news in the papers, the magazines to trade journals and the literature, we go back in our book and say hmm somebody who's thinking about it so it's a great book.

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Madhu Thangavelu: buzz aldrin wrote the foreword and I hope as a student.

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Madhu Thangavelu: He is.

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Madhu Thangavelu: He is a national hero and he's a champion for human spaceflight he has a new.

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Madhu Thangavelu: initiative called the human splay spaceflight institute that we're all pushing for he wants all the universities to come together and compete with designs and collaborate in finally selected ideas he wants the whole world to do that.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I don't have to mention that space architecture involves engineering and architecture and all imaginable profession i've met people artists have met lawyers doctors, some of them sit in our studio.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Now what is space architecture about it's about habitat and space for people to live in.

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Madhu Thangavelu: It is alien, as you can see, we are looking at Apollo Apollo 17 image here, I think, yes, and that is probably.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Harrison Smith, who took the picture is looking out and seeing the Lunar surface.

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Madhu Thangavelu: know this is the Apollo 11 picture that's right anyhow.

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Madhu Thangavelu: it's highly interdisciplinary and I want you to look at our archives, for those who have not yet to see what we do it's been around for a long time and we started keeping curating it only 1999 I remember, starting in 19 early 1990.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And we do a lot of interesting things and we talked about it, and every time national comes up with a new idea it's already somewhere in here, including the title and the monocle and everything so take a look at it.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I love to draw anybody anybody who says they are a space architect and can't take a pen and put it down on paper quickly quickly.

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Madhu Thangavelu: they're not a space arkadin sorry buddies learn to draw, so I do these things, and when I first did it before a bunch of engineers.

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Madhu Thangavelu: They all shocked himself and said that guy in the corner, is doing something really out of this world he's crazy, but you know what went on to become my work graduated me and we went on to think about something that is coming of age now.

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Madhu Thangavelu: The idea that we can build massive things in orbit around the earth space stations already there, and now we think because of all the satellites going up, we have to be careful with this environment.

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Madhu Thangavelu: These apart from my work, and now we think we can build these things, using the space station, why not.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And here in see our lunar craft about to land on the moon.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Students in the class talk about orbiting space stations different kinds of orbiting moon stations and we think we think it's already happening.

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Madhu Thangavelu: The earth orbit is the next entry for any nation that wants to have an immediate impact on what we are going to do next, so I welcome all the space architects to be thinking about what to do in earth orbit to extend us to the moon and MARS and beyond.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We talk about ideas about putting sampling the separatists and shooting samples into orbit where they can be picked up at the moon village association is a new idea somebody will talk about it, I think the Vice President, is with us.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Their first payload is already being studied and the idea is to put a telescope on the moon, looking back to earth 24 seven and let all the people of the world, look at how beautiful how fragile Planet Earth is.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Our.

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Madhu Thangavelu: team talks about going back to the moon, going back to the Apollo site and examining Apollo and also looking at the scientific aspects of.

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Madhu Thangavelu: of things like the skylight that you see here it's called a tranquil tati spit.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We think about Rovers we think about building structures, using robots on the moon, this is a project that was done at usc you will hear more about it today about constructing shelters using robots.

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Madhu Thangavelu: ideas that have that have originated at usc and the professor, is with us today i'm so happy, you will hear more about it, landing pads are important, we talked about that.

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Madhu Thangavelu: My own favorite thing is to send thousands of people to the moon, for a holiday today, let them take a train and go around and see how beautiful planet Earth is looking from what buzz aldrin calls the grand desolation.

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Madhu Thangavelu: planetary Defense could use structures on the moon here, you see high power laser shooting down meteorites coming not only to impact Earth.

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Madhu Thangavelu: but also to hip place and exposed assets on the moon we're going to put telescopes they're going to put habitat and they all need to be protected here's your laser doing the job for us.

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Madhu Thangavelu: My own thinking is that we should get all the nations together put up structures from the moon, so they can visit spend some time come back have a beer garden party and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: there's no there's no reason why we should like brag about looking up at the skies and say you know it's fantastic to fly from here to here, take a train from here to here and see all the beautiful structures on the moon.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We have people looking at doing Olympics on the moon and sporting activities, I send this do I believe the Clinton administration to suggest that the presidential library should have a spot on the moon, and President Clinton wrote me a hand written letter.

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Madhu Thangavelu: That brings us to today's event.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Which is.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, Dan hi my own time.

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Madhu Thangavelu: guess oh gosh i'm sorry about this Okay, we are ready to go on to.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Professor Sandra news burger.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Can.

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Madhu Thangavelu: You are you with us.

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AIAA LA-LV: yeah sent Center is here.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, you should have stopped me yeah go for it, we are ready for the next oh.

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yeah.

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Madhu Thangavelu: We want to catch up, but that can I was hoping it was tapping.

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Okay, good.

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AIAA LA-LV: Good tammy don't worry.

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AIAA LA-LV: she's here, so I just asked her to start a video.

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AIAA LA-LV: yeah she's here.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And no screen.

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AIAA LA-LV: yeah go ahead.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Thank you.

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Yes.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: morning whatever where you come from, thank you for this invitation and.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Today, I would also thank you for showing your book my do I have to say that your book the moon, was one of the most favorite books, when I started to work on space architecture it's really tennis I love it.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So, today I would like to send some recent research it's just being published on my side.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And many of you know that I have worked in habitability researchers to focus on their relationship between space and humans, for many years, also myself now.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So as an effect, we all know how important habit abilities.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In space of fat, unfortunately, it was seen as a nice to have.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: At our space architects, we know it will be lighter permission success, especially in the future when more and more people will throw it to more and more places.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: so happy the ability and its integration to design is also an important topic in the world is my students.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Unfortunately, the springboks are not really accessible, but all the space architected products from our students, so I invite you to look at this link and look at the project from the studio.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: talking today about my latest endeavor the last four years, I had the great pleasure to work closely with says pay cycle, a psychologist Dr shall we shall.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Together we share a common passion on the relationship about space and humans and both of us have approached this from different angles so Shell, has always been constant for the answer to the questions what constitutes the best person to live happily in extraterrestrial alignments.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And I myself have been chasing after.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: What constitutes the best fit space to live happily an extraterrestrial environment and the past five.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Four years through a lot of discussions we have come up with a real energetic achievement thoughts, the design of living spaces in extreme environments and I would like to give you a little insight to this research now.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In 1963.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The authors have to pay for half of the space stations started with the question, what does habitability name and further, but what does it really mean.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So, interestingly, support and endurance for the need of habitability integration today can be found an empty cave so one last part of the research and the book is totally open the various and also the concept of having to.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Have visibility is an umbrella term, it is a concept that has evolved over time.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: It has evolved from habitability location to have the ability, as living space today or in the future, it is used for different professions by a variety and talking.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: and sharing and may have been arguing that to habitability mother shopping Center around the inhabitants and experience of space and central core as such habitability describes the suitability and value of a good advocate for its inhabitants in a specific environment over time.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Together with traces evolution from space to place in history and give examples from earlier and research, it is clear that, today, there is no perfect analog for extraterrestrial habitats, this is because each isolated and confined environment has its own strengths, but also its own limitations.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So knowledge transfer from one environment to the other has been tricky and is even sometimes not a good idea.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So how are you ever late and prove effectiveness of habitation practice when we let through an annex for extraterrestrial condition.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The space station scholar is important story that sample for learning often environment we don't know about it is by experience.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: it's long duration nations and large open volume provided for the very first time, the opportunity to learn about movement in microgravity, we have to remember that the first study on the new world order decision comes from these three missions.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And when we say that Scott and when we can say that skylar was the first test, but in Spanish.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The first animal the first experiment, the space station.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: It features and number of novelties and experimental designs into photoshop file coupons waters, the toilet mounted and the Horn and man involved in keeping the House clean and tidy was also not come on the scene at that time.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Some things work and some did not a lot of restraints, for example, that the scale of astronauts experiment, it was a not used anymore, and also, there was a big fight on the inclusion of the large working window I ran.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: It was actually close most of the time, because there was nothing to see the winners and then wanted in the motor document that the proof to be a much better use because they provided this 360 degree view.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In addition to experiencing.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: How can we approach habitability dissented question from a scientific point of view.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Well isn't the premise that extraterrestrial environments share a core set of limiting characteristics and human habitation and such places share common challenges now solution.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: and restricted access to others Sharon, we started to look at the commonalities it was the experiences people made in ISIS and their habitat.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And this makes the second main part of our research every few of status and the architecture of habitability missions.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: As our research is a cool project.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Combining on the one hand side the psychology of person living in extreme environment and then the other side, the social spatial dynamics of the group living in extreme environments, which was example submissions that involves living over a period of time and a half.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The service protection from extreme environment.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: We did not include expeditions or camps other life, it would help to explain the concept, so this is the group will be looking at and find a presentation of the floor plans and sections.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The show, and if you compare we're using a color code that is aligned to human activities to make identification and comparison easier.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So the first purpose champion research facilities initially experiment results research on how to build effective was conducted.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In these highly controlled habitats laboratories or capsules much the Moscow Institute of biomedical problems has had an isolation facility in operation already since 1967.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: However, the famous the most famous one is the most recent one last 500 520 day mission and 2000.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Overall champion research facilities of host key and habitat restore control of laboratory conditions.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: They like to risk imagination.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: conducted in the safety of large facility.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: But despite off they have been critical tested for technology and process development and validation.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Institutional research facilities overlord the use of them has provided the bridge between the overly controlling the boulder and capsule haven't done.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: With all that explain us controlled elements and the conditions of the real environment so they provide greater risk and also provide greater demands for crew autonomy.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And, of course, not to forget the experience from their real space environment and number of habitability status and experiences from astronauts personal loss.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: entitlements have today is we're supposed to detailing future application, but still so far, most of the know how and experience comes from lois or.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So can we build the perfect habitat.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: All existing habitats and many of the concepts even envision for the near future, we have to see our impoverished places to.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: We really have to realize that as soon as the perspective shifts for long conversations further away from us less than ideal conditions will not be viable.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: anymore complicate matters even further, many of the earth's inherent natural conditions must be provided with technology.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: But some of these conditions may not be viable activities for the entirety of conditions that they seek to mimic so, for example, does a picture of a florist on the wall adequately compensated for never interacting with actor plans.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: There we saw that is critical to first identify if and which factors related to our natural conditions are needed for well a human working and then, if so, what are the characteristics and dimensions of those that need to be surveyed.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And finally, which technologies and social spatial stretches.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: You will notice here that the first two questions are most important for any proposed solution to the problem and propose to sign it is quite important to understand the underlying social spatial relations.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: All it then we think it is possible to come up with a solution that serves the name habitability design solution.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Because it says here that there is not just one possible solution to prop them, but a myriad.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And we can make use of this large pool of ideas.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So in the concluding work that Sharon, we did we have summarized major overarching topic.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In relation to the underlying social spatial relationships.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: One example is the principle of, we all know, making the most of all resources, but the fact that it would be a considerable span of time before we have communities in the size let's see of mcmurdo of earth the negative impact of limited group size will be with us.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: In literature and science, it has been shown that TEAM members in law, my mission spend less social time together than young children.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So the implications from the trends first base, Article has a direct impact on the sun.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: For instance, the propensity to spend less social time together installation breezes means we need to provide the capability to create more social space social distances over time and at the same time provide more private space to meet current psychology needs.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So living with others, is not easy, we all have experienced that, in the best of circumstances but remove that opportunity to get away in a small space and limit the opportunity to interact with others.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The simple act of being alone becomes a huge challenge us habitat.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Little interpersonal difficulties can become big problems.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The design of such, they have the chat hate this editor.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: of interpersonal conflicts in Cape Town.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So there would be preventive nations such as we clearly defined personas basis and the ability to have control of it and that would be mitigation measures such as the opportunities and social engagement sports and leisure.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Sam features cottages multiple the plan for multiple routes through a base include modification possible this depending on different needs and financial education epictetus, for example, a typical the Santos like this, this architect.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Another example is to understand the psychological dynamics of leaving that small confined space.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: The psychological experience of poo poo little volume, for example, is protected, with feelings of crowd most interesting part is that this is not only a question of the actual size of his face so feelings of crowding.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: also related to visual complexity and extreme artificial.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: One important aspect, this includes the life cycle of a habitat and during the design process all space modules have looked efficient and spacious as can be seen and the Left picture on the top right picture and get all of them have turned into practice places, without exception.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: And this is even balance.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: simulation facilities.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: Other inputs to be integrated in pure Michigan lake city and spatial perception.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: So I would like to conclude.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: With a statement five devices psychologists.

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Sandra Haeuplik-Meusburger: was really want work and special habitability he said it's not how lot to make it's how you make it lunch and as Thank you very much for your attention and again for the invitation to my do.

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Madhu Thangavelu: That Thank you so much Sandra that is a beautiful introduction to today's events, we will take questions in the end Center and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I want you all to be using the chat room, I think I can will be monitoring it, I will be too and we'll we'll have dialogues in between Thank you so much What a beautiful What a beautiful beginning Thank you.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Our next speaker is Vittorio and materials coming to us from.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I think, from Italy or from.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Are you from are you here in the US now.

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Vittorio Netti: And i'm always a bit everywhere in this moment i'm in Europe, but lately my based in Houston.

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Vittorio Netti: yeah.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Good go for it.

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Vittorio Netti: Okay, thank you for the invitation, first of all, and thank you Sandra for your beautiful presentation I share my screen.

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Vittorio Netti: I have to the Sunday, I think that you have to stop sharing before I can start sharing.

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Okay.

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Vittorio Netti: Are you Okay, can you see my screen right.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, we can.

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Vittorio Netti: Okay, and thank you, everybody and today yeah we talk about our research that it's more than a single research it's like a group of research that the lately characterize my.

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Vittorio Netti: bicycle in my research focus and is the marble collaboration as an enabler for scalability my personal space or research that they started their seat, Sir, he used in a certain space architecture.

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Vittorio Netti: And so.

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Vittorio Netti: I try to be fast, because I have a lot of things to say, but when I started my journey in space architecture, I had a really clear idea about what it was, and now, after five years i'm not so sure again and because I I got to know all the different aspects.

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Vittorio Netti: Space architects and engineers, they need to addressing their projects and so specific to the needs to be.

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Vittorio Netti: The engineers, a bit robotic experts and planetary scientists and astronomers and many other things so it's it's really difficult sometimes to.

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Vittorio Netti: understand what a really specific actor, he is so I think it's up to us to define it and find a way in which we we decide to practice this after that.

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Vittorio Netti: So I currently just very briefly myself I have our patron the master in architecture from your business and after I finished my masters in space architecture at six.

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Vittorio Netti: Eastern but I already started a PhD in aerospace engineering and science that Polytechnic cody by at the same time I work at this.

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Vittorio Netti: verse here last year on the project to the inputs and they currently project manager of robotics that is like a drone company and a marriage is through the system engineer, it includes this is just like a part of the things that actually.

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Vittorio Netti: make my professional lights, and so my vision that I developed during these years as that really to enable like.

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Vittorio Netti: large scale application for you must specify exploration, we really need to focus on automation because automation it's a great enabler for.

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Vittorio Netti: For a safe and accessible space environment in the way that we discovered from the 60s.

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Vittorio Netti: Today that Roberts and Ai they can really make our job easier and safer when it's come to our so our environments like space or a plan or a planetary sure face in that sphere.

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Vittorio Netti: So I decided to focus a lot my research on this topic that I find very fascinating and, of course, this involves a lot to the study of.

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Vittorio Netti: What is space robotics.

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Vittorio Netti: And why a systematic seats are important Well, first of all.

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Vittorio Netti: I found that very interesting paper of Jamie garbage that was in directory of.

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Vittorio Netti: Space exploration NASA in in the 90s, that he talked about the different skill sets that human and robots they demonstrated space, of course, this is can be put you in a bit.

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Vittorio Netti: out of date, right now, because we are talking about the 2005 minute exchange it in this last 15 years but he basically, together with the GPS, they investigated this aspect, so.

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Vittorio Netti: They took us give us a certain set of skills that you can see here and we try to understand all this will how much they were effective humans versus robots in this skill set.

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Vittorio Netti: Well, as you can see Roberts are.

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Vittorio Netti: massively.

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Vittorio Netti: Worse than human and but almost everything.

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Vittorio Netti: But they have three specific things that are very good that the first is the precision and we know, while important precision in space, the second is detection and it's.

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Vittorio Netti: it's basically connected to the idea that the Romans can identify problem way faster than humans and also this expansive the active intelligence, and this is probably the most important they expand the way.

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Vittorio Netti: When we lose our probe or a robot, we are not using our human life, and this is extremely important for us, because we all care about our lives.

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Vittorio Netti: And even if we we really like to explore ourselves.

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Vittorio Netti: The new things, we also we want to do it in a safe way, and so I asked myself why we if, like if this there is this big like division within this skills, why don't do both at the same time.

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Vittorio Netti: So I started working a lot on the concept of.

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Vittorio Netti: Cooperation between that you want a robot in space exploration.

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Vittorio Netti: And, and this I think it's a great tool for then planning of next Human missions.

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Vittorio Netti: And, in which they already see from the next the NASA ISA programs our robotics it's now incorporated in these programs in a very broad way.

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Vittorio Netti: So I want to.

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Vittorio Netti: Be in this presentation about 2% briefly three projects of mine had developed during this year's that they make use of this concept of human robotic collaboration and partnership.

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Vittorio Netti: So I I stopped from the low earth orbit to go.

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Vittorio Netti: farther and farther.

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Vittorio Netti: The first concept that I always liked is the concept of.

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Vittorio Netti: robotic augmented EDU That means that humans are very good, as we said before a certain things like dexterity.

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Vittorio Netti: or even.

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Vittorio Netti: like to respond to an unknown and unforeseen situations, while robots are the insurance very I relativity in certain tasks.

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Vittorio Netti: So my idea is that the space should are a great instrument for each day because.

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Vittorio Netti: Without, we will have no way of buy from us for pure robotics to interact with the spacecraft and but this species are very limiting in terms of human skills, the.

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Vittorio Netti: ETA is our are limiting for the dexterity the strength of humans and also they are potentially dangerous for many aspects of the human body.

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Vittorio Netti: So I wanted to design an asset that could make instead.

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Vittorio Netti: Stronger skills, instead, so the idea is that, instead of having a spacesuit that limit human skills, I wanted a space with That being said, enhanced human skills from that he started a project that it was the MMA vr that say for motivation acceptable Robert.

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Vittorio Netti: And the sparsity that it's like a it's a multilingual space Roberts that it's not a it's the present both capabilities like of navigation through rcs so true Victoria movement, like the NASA and the new, but at the same time it used I ugly precise.

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Vittorio Netti: Manipulation capability, like, for example, the Canada and, in that we saw it in in in autonomous mode and here we see it in comparative code within us, so the robot can.

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Vittorio Netti: stand alone, but at the same way, you can operate in a collaborative way with an astronaut ETA and.

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Vittorio Netti: So.

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Vittorio Netti: Of course, like this concept in a certain way you come from something that we already did the space that was the menu the menu is, I think there was.

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Vittorio Netti: An incredible innovation and and SP leaving behind just for certain logistic and you suddenly the problems, but.

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Vittorio Netti: We use it it and we success in a different space mission, you know we see it through the in a photo, this is a photo of SMS ritual united, for, in which the enemy was using that as a way to intercept and.

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Vittorio Netti: As like a mobile platform to interact with big satellites, so my system.

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Vittorio Netti: With 20 years of bicycling it's composed by to Robert a service model that is Apache directory 20 spacecraft links to the international knock important.

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Vittorio Netti: standard and accountable station for the robotic limbs inside the spacecraft.

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Vittorio Netti: So they're they're robotic limbs are not operated by the astronaut, but they are operated by another another another crew member inside the station and, and this is, we see the three different system component, because the robot in it modular anytime you said in different configuration.

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Vittorio Netti: Based on what is this process needs to be produced, and this is like the robotic model and youtube's reaction with to to actually like a very precise orientation.

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Vittorio Netti: And as to the students that can interact with the different tools, when we see after later after how this is the navigation model, this is the one that provide massively the me new capabilities, so the factorial navigation and there are basically two and two tanks that.

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Vittorio Netti: Together with their reaction we know for an autonomy of basically.

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Vittorio Netti: Three four hours.

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Vittorio Netti: And there is an ordinance through which, like the robots is Dr to the backpack of destiny.

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Vittorio Netti: Here also, we can see the different tools that are designed.

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Vittorio Netti: That can interact with the limbs, and we have to agree the two great person like another see competitions and retry satellites, for example, an identity later, Sir, that is derived from the space shuttle program and up moon and basically a laser printer to retain for examples more degree.

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Vittorio Netti: So it works this service model that it's the attached to any speaker, as I said before, through us basics and excel it works as a like a giant multiple posts.

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Vittorio Netti: at rock and What it does is like the boy the robots in space and.

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Vittorio Netti: As you can see here and it use his limbs interaction with two dogs knock itself and to assemble autonomously.

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Vittorio Netti: After that, it can be we use it again autonomous mode on you know.

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Vittorio Netti: from the inside, is controlled through an Arctic exoskeleton and it's where the by the two Members inside and they will come for two hours every time, so the astronaut in September side, which are the two hours you control it, and why do this, you can be controlled by.

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Vittorio Netti: An API that we learn during the first missions from advancements.

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Vittorio Netti: Well, during the.

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Vittorio Netti: These track.

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Vittorio Netti: Of the development of this of this project, I went through the wall think that there's been a very fascinating as a person.

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Vittorio Netti: I did model imprinting and testing on one one scale model of the robots and then within that is currently under testing that using immersive technologies like this for reality.

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Vittorio Netti: This is the this is, I mean it's after that last production state of the of the robots that are more updates more advanced the.

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Vittorio Netti: situation but yea to just let her understand and at the same time.

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Vittorio Netti: We design, in the end, builds us similarly immersing simulations to test the robots.

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Vittorio Netti: In one one scaling This is like a simulation environment which we are testing the robot through basically two different missions in which the robots will be using to the exchange some external components of the Navigator.

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Vittorio Netti: Second project, and you have to be very fast, yes, the second project.

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Vittorio Netti: is massively saloon our robotic.

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Vittorio Netti: Rover that has been.

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Vittorio Netti: awarded as finalists project for the rascal NASA competition last year and they're all very it's as obviously us based on assumption from the program of the Apollo this is there over there over it's completely modular and.

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Vittorio Netti: It works on the concept that it can be feel stupid so, for example, if the astronaut there's a problem there, like a like his brain is broken, they can exchange components in real time to accomplish the mission, but not only there over.

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Vittorio Netti: There over come in our robotic configuration.

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Vittorio Netti: And so, as you can see here is come we don't comment on that so he can.

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Vittorio Netti: perform the first part of his mission autonomously.

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Vittorio Netti: And after when the astronauts they come on the surface, the bicycle swap the.

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Vittorio Netti: Artificial in the computer models, we did the comparables and, and so the robot from completely autonomous it become human operated.

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Vittorio Netti: And here, you can see that tends to his modularity can be rearranged and during the different phases of the mission for different portals like transport or exploration or a science missions.

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Vittorio Netti: yeah there was some specific are there other other over like the robotic operated legs and the concept of having a modular Peter books.

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Vittorio Netti: The third one it's very short it's like my dish do the research my PhD research is based on the.

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Vittorio Netti: robotic construction for moon and Mars, and we are currently developing at the technology by.

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Vittorio Netti: I like an infrastructure to.

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Vittorio Netti: operate multiple robots at the same time for for construction on a single element so it's like collaborative robotics that it's made to multiple robots printer and it's or the word process you use a lot of.

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Vittorio Netti: A younger age, because the robber they have to decide eponymous me they got to understand autonomously work the yard and and how to collaborate with the construction process to do that we, we will use very basic.

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Vittorio Netti: Industrial robots on which we will morons.

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Vittorio Netti: printer head and.

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Vittorio Netti: And each screen that will be.

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Vittorio Netti: Basically, where the wind regulate similar sentiment.

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Vittorio Netti: In form of geopolitics.

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Vittorio Netti: And I think that was it just in time it's over but.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much tutorial it's a great lead in to our next speaker, we will have questions for you, about cobalts and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: And swarms but then now you're on to Professor Baroque coarseness who will really take this on because he is the pioneer in several areas of our body construction, welcome to Baroque Baroque are you here.

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AIAA LA-LV: yeah he's here.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Oh great okay go for it.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Good morning Baroque.

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Madhu Thangavelu: turn on your MIC.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Right.

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Berok Khoshnevis: Can you hear me now.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, you can How are things in Marina del rey are you there or elsewhere.

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Berok Khoshnevis: Yes, i'm in Marina del rey.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Oh good to see you.

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Berok Khoshnevis: Thank you i'm trying to find the share screen on the same.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Okay it's a little tricky look for the green button on the bottom.

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Berok Khoshnevis: I know what I click on the zoom.

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Berok Khoshnevis: icon phone.

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Berok Khoshnevis: doesn't come up.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Okay let's see you can can help you.

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00:55:41.730 --> 00:55:48.300
AIAA LA-LV: If you move the mouse to the bottom, see the menu, and they should have a green button called share screen.

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Berok Khoshnevis: yeah I know that I use zoom every day.

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AIAA LA-LV: Oh OK so.

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That.

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Berok Khoshnevis: It is showing the Program.

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Berok Khoshnevis: on the screen.

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Berok Khoshnevis: i'm sorry I cannot say.

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Berok Khoshnevis: I cannot see the menu of zoom.

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Berok Khoshnevis: The icon is at the lower taskbar but.

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00:56:36.300 --> 00:56:39.600
Berok Khoshnevis: When I press it so many others and Papa.

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AIAA LA-LV: It could be on the pub depend on your.

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Rebeccah Pailes-Friedman: arm, if you see shared screen, but then it doesn't come up.

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Rebeccah Pailes-Friedman: Maybe we have to give them different permissions because that happens, a lot in my class sorry to butt in.

353
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Berok Khoshnevis: No, I don't see the share screen.

354
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Rebeccah Pailes-Friedman: You don't see shared screen at the bottom.

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AIAA LA-LV: know everyone is keeping the same permission, though Okay, the previous speaker can show.

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Berok Khoshnevis: Earlier I saw that just just few minutes ago five minutes ago, I saw it, but right now, it.

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Berok Khoshnevis: disappeared.

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AIAA LA-LV: yeah in other parts of it, you can email to to my do or email, to me, we can show it for you.

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Berok Khoshnevis: it's.

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Mahsa Esfand: Maybe you can revoke the permission and then assign again the permission.

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Probably.

362
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AIAA LA-LV: know that that was assigned to everyone will there's no individual change.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Only guys give him a minute birchwood solid.

364
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Berok Khoshnevis: And maybe I should.

365
00:57:42.990 --> 00:57:44.220
Berok Khoshnevis: Get out and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Come back in okay.

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Berok Khoshnevis: Get back into the zoom again.

368
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Try that.

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Berok Khoshnevis: sorry about this.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I hope all of you are Oh, I see john john is coming good morning john.

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John Mankins: Good morning.

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AIAA LA-LV: morning.

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John Mankins: Good morning.

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01:00:19.980 --> 01:00:21.810
AIAA LA-LV: peroxide Oh, to try to stay back in.

375
01:00:22.110 --> 01:00:22.530
Okay.

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01:00:26.910 --> 01:00:43.050
Madhu Thangavelu: Again, one more time to to all of you who are watching and we are just getting started and those who tuned in right now we are about to watch and the literally.

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01:00:44.160 --> 01:00:45.540
Madhu Thangavelu: The history of.

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01:00:45.930 --> 01:00:46.530
AIAA LA-LV: is coming out.

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Madhu Thangavelu: party and.

380
01:00:48.510 --> 01:00:49.800
AIAA LA-LV: Building activities.

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01:00:50.400 --> 01:01:05.400
Madhu Thangavelu: I was privileged to be part of Professor caution and his team, and we were surprised that NASA pulled us in again and again to hear more I hope we delivered with that Baroque you're on the air.

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01:01:20.310 --> 01:01:23.190
Berok Khoshnevis: I apologize for the delay.

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01:01:24.690 --> 01:01:37.200
Berok Khoshnevis: Okay, so I have a presentation on the research that I did for NASA over a few years, and as matt mentioned had the pleasure of having him as a.

384
01:01:38.220 --> 01:01:39.180
Berok Khoshnevis: Research partner.

385
01:01:40.530 --> 01:01:46.080
Berok Khoshnevis: So this had to do with calamity construct construction and inner space fabrication.

386
01:01:47.340 --> 01:01:54.360
Berok Khoshnevis: On the professor at university of southern California and the CEO of a company called console drafting Corporation.

387
01:02:00.060 --> 01:02:06.900
Berok Khoshnevis: Okay, so i've been in the field of 3D printing for a long time I.

388
01:02:08.670 --> 01:02:15.270
Berok Khoshnevis: Was there with the pioneers and I have several inventions and polyamory metallic and ceramic.

389
01:02:17.280 --> 01:02:41.490
Berok Khoshnevis: And, of course, right now involved in composite concrete or larger scale 3D printing have developed several technologies si si technology 3D printing of metallic parts as the license to HP and console crafting has been my flagship ship technology and.

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01:02:42.510 --> 01:02:51.870
Berok Khoshnevis: It has advanced to a point where we have different models of the machine now built at the company that I established in 2017.

391
01:02:54.930 --> 01:03:01.770
Berok Khoshnevis: We have made many demonstrations over the years spent 35 years now actually since I thought about it.

392
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Berok Khoshnevis: and

393
01:03:07.080 --> 01:03:13.560
Berok Khoshnevis: What we aspire to do in the future is to add the other activities other.

394
01:03:16.980 --> 01:03:24.360
Berok Khoshnevis: tasks of constructions because 3D printing all the only because the Shell of the building there's a still a lot to be done.

395
01:03:25.050 --> 01:03:39.120
Berok Khoshnevis: complete the building many different demonstrations we've made many different technologies, we have developed and we have looked at the infrastructure such as columns building like large towers tall towers for winter woman.

396
01:03:42.240 --> 01:03:47.310
Berok Khoshnevis: and the like this chart was published in Europe, it shows that console crafting.

397
01:03:48.450 --> 01:03:51.720
Berok Khoshnevis: was truly a pioneering technology now.

398
01:03:52.890 --> 01:03:54.480
Berok Khoshnevis: At least 10 years ahead of.

399
01:03:55.980 --> 01:03:56.760
Berok Khoshnevis: Starting.

400
01:03:58.170 --> 01:04:00.180
Berok Khoshnevis: Other people saw the.

401
01:04:01.440 --> 01:04:13.110
Berok Khoshnevis: project with NASA concerned building vertical and horizontal the structures or the vertical structures, we can see there's two different methods for the moon.

402
01:04:14.490 --> 01:04:24.960
Berok Khoshnevis: situation, we consider the smelting the regular and extruding it, it was a difficult part of the project, we made some progress.

403
01:04:26.610 --> 01:04:39.150
Berok Khoshnevis: The effort, there was to deal with the brutality of the extra that the compressor strength is very hard you know every 40,000 PSI when we.

404
01:04:40.830 --> 01:04:45.240
Berok Khoshnevis: nail fenix through the regulator, but the result is just like a glass, you know.

405
01:04:46.860 --> 01:04:50.190
Berok Khoshnevis: it's it's very brutal so then for.

406
01:04:51.750 --> 01:04:53.880
Berok Khoshnevis: shady areas of the moon and.

407
01:04:55.260 --> 01:05:03.390
Berok Khoshnevis: martian situation we looked at soulful concrete So if you take server and sand and mix them together and heat them.

408
01:05:04.710 --> 01:05:16.050
Berok Khoshnevis: You can actually bond particles of sand So then, if you could exclude this you can be able to objects, much like what you do with.

409
01:05:19.140 --> 01:05:23.010
Berok Khoshnevis: Other patient material or hydraulic concrete on earth.

410
01:05:25.350 --> 01:05:38.100
Berok Khoshnevis: But the problem is the abrasive nature of the loner sand, especially, it is extremely difficult to push it through any kind of conduit so we had to develop a number of.

411
01:05:39.240 --> 01:05:40.140
Berok Khoshnevis: solutions.

412
01:05:41.220 --> 01:05:46.140
Berok Khoshnevis: and use the stronger years on a trick vibration.

413
01:05:47.280 --> 01:05:49.440
Berok Khoshnevis: at different stages of this explosion.

414
01:05:50.850 --> 01:05:54.120
Berok Khoshnevis: We finally managed to.

415
01:05:55.140 --> 01:05:58.950
Berok Khoshnevis: Get the thing done, he was an industrial robots makeup demonstrations.

416
01:06:00.270 --> 01:06:01.200
Berok Khoshnevis: What you see here.

417
01:06:02.280 --> 01:06:02.970
Berok Khoshnevis: Is.

418
01:06:04.710 --> 01:06:06.990
Berok Khoshnevis: Some more concrete coming out of the nozzle.

419
01:06:08.490 --> 01:06:10.620
Berok Khoshnevis: in real time speed.

420
01:06:13.560 --> 01:06:17.250
Berok Khoshnevis: And you see the specimens that we appeared on the right.

421
01:06:21.000 --> 01:06:22.890
Berok Khoshnevis: This is a three layer specimen here.

422
01:06:26.820 --> 01:06:27.900
Berok Khoshnevis: They have different.

423
01:06:28.920 --> 01:06:33.690
Berok Khoshnevis: structures and different scales nose for demonstration.

424
01:06:35.460 --> 01:06:37.920
Berok Khoshnevis: The comprehensive strength of this structures.

425
01:06:38.940 --> 01:06:40.800
Berok Khoshnevis: is about.

426
01:06:42.720 --> 01:06:44.820
Berok Khoshnevis: Three to 4000 PSI on earth.

427
01:06:45.900 --> 01:06:47.220
Berok Khoshnevis: which is equivalent of.

428
01:06:51.480 --> 01:06:58.860
Berok Khoshnevis: More than 20,000 PSI on the morn and more than 12,000 PSI on.

429
01:07:02.010 --> 01:07:02.580
Berok Khoshnevis: Mars.

430
01:07:03.870 --> 01:07:07.020
Berok Khoshnevis: Because of the lower gravity of those.

431
01:07:08.130 --> 01:07:11.130
Berok Khoshnevis: planets yeah I saw the.

432
01:07:12.390 --> 01:07:17.790
Berok Khoshnevis: system that we can see, it was based on a robotic arm that we.

433
01:07:18.840 --> 01:07:20.370
Berok Khoshnevis: can see the.

434
01:07:21.510 --> 01:07:21.870
Berok Khoshnevis: and

435
01:07:24.360 --> 01:07:32.310
Berok Khoshnevis: And the Rover that you see is called athlete is what developed the jpl jet propulsion laboratory.

436
01:07:35.100 --> 01:07:43.680
Berok Khoshnevis: yeah So this was just a conception this technology have on the 2014 NASA grand prize in.

437
01:07:44.880 --> 01:07:51.600
Berok Khoshnevis: International competition Nice or horizontal structures and that time.

438
01:07:52.980 --> 01:08:01.890
Berok Khoshnevis: You are asked to focus on landing pads and reality is that so far on this.

439
01:08:02.970 --> 01:08:04.740
Berok Khoshnevis: And the moon and Mars.

440
01:08:05.880 --> 01:08:09.660
Berok Khoshnevis: landing has been done on just soft soil.

441
01:08:10.860 --> 01:08:15.120
Berok Khoshnevis: And the exhaust broom pushes soil away.

442
01:08:16.770 --> 01:08:23.430
Berok Khoshnevis: And the bedrock is not horizontal if it is a slant there's a chance of the lander tipping over.

443
01:08:25.500 --> 01:08:33.060
Berok Khoshnevis: So, and we were told that you cannot use a monolithic structure, because of the.

444
01:08:35.550 --> 01:09:00.660
Berok Khoshnevis: differential expansion on their heat of the exhaust long and therefore it's best to be made with interlocking times, and for that I actually came up with a new 3D printing concept, which would be actually using a simple Rover and the concept is pretty straightforward with define.

445
01:09:02.070 --> 01:09:04.530
Berok Khoshnevis: You just have that on a flat.

446
01:09:07.230 --> 01:09:08.850
Berok Khoshnevis: Ground you is.

447
01:09:10.980 --> 01:09:12.450
Berok Khoshnevis: If it does, is there.

448
01:09:13.740 --> 01:09:33.510
Berok Khoshnevis: You can start right there if you have to spread it to do so, and then you're going to use this kind of Rover to define the times here for simplicity, the tides are just Square and the definition is made by the positing inside the soil.

449
01:09:34.830 --> 01:09:35.520
Berok Khoshnevis: The regular.

450
01:09:36.990 --> 01:09:46.830
Berok Khoshnevis: A higher temperature material material with higher melting point in this case magnesium oxide magnesium oxide is plentiful.

451
01:09:48.690 --> 01:09:50.940
Berok Khoshnevis: The moon Mars.

452
01:09:54.540 --> 01:10:07.470
Berok Khoshnevis: And the melting temperature is much higher over 2000 verses about 1100 for the regular regular, of course, the lowest melting point in ingredient.

453
01:10:09.150 --> 01:10:10.740
Berok Khoshnevis: Of the regular is 1100.

454
01:10:11.970 --> 01:10:22.500
Berok Khoshnevis: see nothing point, and if that males it can feel the other, so it can act like a binder like cement or like SOFA.

455
01:10:24.240 --> 01:10:41.850
Berok Khoshnevis: know the challenges to separate these things, how to keep them separate so that their mobile and with respect to each other, and this is the approach, as I said, we put a higher insert higher temperature Father there, and that is followed by magnets wrong with microwave power.

456
01:10:43.830 --> 01:10:52.200
Berok Khoshnevis: Those lower temperature stuff are melted these are some samples that we built this is of course a small scale.

457
01:10:53.730 --> 01:10:58.680
Berok Khoshnevis: On the top left what you see is basically.

458
01:11:00.060 --> 01:11:04.110
Berok Khoshnevis: This is a lunar regolith inside, of which we deliver the.

459
01:11:06.000 --> 01:11:16.020
Berok Khoshnevis: magnesium oxide through a very 10 nado nado it's like a hypodermic needle in a way which has got a slot on the site and.

460
01:11:18.120 --> 01:11:25.260
Berok Khoshnevis: yeah and then we put the then Center in fairness is microwave centering and, as you see, these.

461
01:11:27.510 --> 01:11:45.720
Berok Khoshnevis: tires come out pretty accurately and they're very, very strong So the idea is that for future landers to not pay such a situation, and as you see here that are more elaborate interlocking ties.

462
01:11:47.370 --> 01:11:48.360
Berok Khoshnevis: We have conceived.

463
01:11:54.240 --> 01:11:54.450
Berok Khoshnevis: yeah.

464
01:11:55.740 --> 01:11:56.160
Berok Khoshnevis: So.

465
01:11:57.810 --> 01:12:11.400
Berok Khoshnevis: The technology, my name is s selective separation shaping and I found out that it is so capable, that we can do metallic 3D printing mezzo scale and so on.

466
01:12:12.750 --> 01:12:17.970
Berok Khoshnevis: So we then extended the operation to this approach.

467
01:12:20.310 --> 01:12:23.790
Berok Khoshnevis: metallic and we do things with bronze and.

468
01:12:24.930 --> 01:12:33.960
Berok Khoshnevis: stainless steel and the nice thing about this technology is that it can build without Father layering you know all metallic technologies.

469
01:12:34.470 --> 01:12:39.780
Berok Khoshnevis: Father basic knowledge is record Father layering which is not possible in microgravity.

470
01:12:40.410 --> 01:12:59.550
Berok Khoshnevis: But SS s can actually build stuff without layering and you can see the surface quality is really comparable or better than selecting lasers centering the electron beam machining and this technology also want to grand prize and 2016 yes, so they now have.

471
01:13:01.260 --> 01:13:03.960
Berok Khoshnevis: complete control crafting established and.

472
01:13:05.040 --> 01:13:08.970
Berok Khoshnevis: El Segundo California and we aspire to.

473
01:13:10.440 --> 01:13:13.080
Berok Khoshnevis: Get active also again in the space.

474
01:13:14.520 --> 01:13:18.900
Berok Khoshnevis: Research and develop Thank you, and again I apologize for the delay.

475
01:13:21.570 --> 01:13:27.360
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much baroda good to see you looking happy with that beautiful painting in the background.

476
01:13:29.130 --> 01:13:37.110
Madhu Thangavelu: We will ask some questions later on Baroque, but please stay on don't run away on your sailboat me we want you here.

477
01:13:37.500 --> 01:13:40.080
Berok Khoshnevis: Okay, when is the question and answer.

478
01:13:42.420 --> 01:13:53.250
Madhu Thangavelu: The question and so will be afraid, it will be at the end of the program, I think, but if there's a gap It may happen sooner, depending on how.

479
01:13:53.490 --> 01:13:54.420
Madhu Thangavelu: How much time.

480
01:13:54.450 --> 01:13:56.730
Berok Khoshnevis: The President of the premium is two o'clock RON.

481
01:13:58.140 --> 01:14:00.150
Madhu Thangavelu: He will be about three, I think, by the end.

482
01:14:00.810 --> 01:14:04.710
Berok Khoshnevis: Unfortunately, I apologize, I really have a big commitment today.

483
01:14:04.950 --> 01:14:07.290
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay okay Thank you so much.

484
01:14:07.860 --> 01:14:11.310
Madhu Thangavelu: To see progress at kota crafting corporate.

485
01:14:12.030 --> 01:14:12.450
Official.

486
01:14:13.530 --> 01:14:29.250
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, we are on to our next speaker and it's none other than john Jenkins and john will introduce some of the wonderful things he's working on with the moon villages, association and other projects john.

487
01:14:33.720 --> 01:14:47.970
John Mankins: Good morning it's a real pleasure to be here and wonderful to follow such a an engaging discussion of the progress that contour crafting just just fabulous.

488
01:14:50.250 --> 01:14:51.360
John Mankins: May I share screen.

489
01:14:52.050 --> 01:14:52.590
Madhu Thangavelu: Please do.

490
01:14:59.790 --> 01:15:01.890
John Mankins: So, for those of you who.

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John Mankins: may remember past talk that I gave here at the Ai double a group, it had to do with activities by the moon village association architectural concepts and considerations Working Group, of which I am the co chair with Professor in autonomy, formerly with ISIS in Japan.

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John Mankins: We are conducting last year and this year a an international design reference architecture for the moon village concept based on the idea of establishing the first human settlement on the moon by 2045 and we had a workshop online which my do and I and Professor and autonomy all.

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John Mankins: Co organized last December, and I have just a minute it's Okay, if I talked for about an hour hour and a half.

494
01:16:05.910 --> 01:16:10.800
Madhu Thangavelu: i'm afraid I would love to hear you but you gotta stick to duck duck.

495
01:16:10.830 --> 01:16:11.670
John Mankins: Well, maybe.

496
01:16:11.730 --> 01:16:13.830
John Mankins: Maybe i'll just share a few of the.

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01:16:15.840 --> 01:16:17.910
John Mankins: log hit the tops of a few of the waves.

498
01:16:17.940 --> 01:16:20.280
John Mankins: not have any tops of all of the ways.

499
01:16:20.340 --> 01:16:25.140
Madhu Thangavelu: That would be good, and then we'll get we'll have a discussion over bbq that people more later.

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01:16:25.380 --> 01:16:27.900
John Mankins: Very good, very good, so let me ask so.

501
01:16:29.160 --> 01:16:30.720
John Mankins: seriously about 10 minutes.

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Madhu Thangavelu: 10 minutes is perfect.

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John Mankins: Okay, very good, so I won't go into the history, the moon village association is would welcome you, if you'd like to join, where we're very inexpensive about 10% of an Ai double a membership.

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01:16:45.900 --> 01:16:46.830
Madhu Thangavelu: I agree.

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John Mankins: i'm the moon village architecture working group works in the framework of a series of scenarios of alternative futures.

506
01:16:58.650 --> 01:17:15.660
John Mankins: These have been updated in the last few weeks from the version that was created, initially in 2018 these scenarios are building on the global exploration roadmap, which has been established by the International Space exploration coordination group.

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01:17:17.400 --> 01:17:19.470
John Mankins: Essentially, looks at.

508
01:17:21.480 --> 01:17:28.140
John Mankins: Alternative futures, but we are focusing, as I said on this case study in which we would.

509
01:17:29.220 --> 01:17:40.800
John Mankins: target a lunar settlement at the south pole of the moon, and with a variety of operational zones, including the often illuminated.

510
01:17:42.210 --> 01:17:58.860
John Mankins: South polar lunar rich the permanently shadowed regions in the vicinity of that ridgeline the far side of the moon low lunar orbit SIS lunar space and earth orbit for other supporting operations.

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John Mankins: fundamental assumption is that the the advent of very low cost launch is going over the next six or seven years to change everything insist lunar space, this has not quite happened yet.

512
01:18:15.180 --> 01:18:25.170
John Mankins: But you see the piece parts, like the falcon reusable falcon nine reusable the electric propulsion module that goes with the get the Lunar gateway.

513
01:18:25.620 --> 01:18:39.990
John Mankins: And the high power thrusters high efficiency thrusters have Buzek a the developments of variety of new systems to take technologies to the moon demonstrate them and so on, and the advent of very low cost.

514
01:18:40.500 --> 01:18:49.050
John Mankins: megawatt solar power in low earth orbit through these mega constellations if you haven't thought about it in these terms, let me just say.

515
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John Mankins: That they are manufacturing at spacex approximately 120 starling satellites per month that is very roughly 500 or 600 kilowatts.

516
01:19:03.300 --> 01:19:11.100
John Mankins: of space solar power every month, so four times the International Space station's power capability every month.

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01:19:11.550 --> 01:19:24.900
John Mankins: This kind of mass production is going to be, I think a game changer for energy in the inner solar system, particularly insistent or space and will make possible the kinds of ambitious.

518
01:19:26.100 --> 01:19:35.160
John Mankins: Development of lunar resources that we were just talking about and including the manufacturer of fuels and so on, because without power, nothing else is possible.

519
01:19:35.970 --> 01:19:44.370
John Mankins: i'm going to skip a lot of this material, but having to do with the precursors to the location selection and just jump straight to that.

520
01:19:47.130 --> 01:20:09.450
John Mankins: Number One issue being near the sun having access to the cold traps and the volatiles an access to them on the surface, so this whole question of surface roughness the slopes, and so on is extraordinarily critical if you're going to have industrial operations at the Lunar polls.

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John Mankins: A variety of other issues associated with the settlement having to do with air, water recycling recycling of all of the major chemical cycles.

522
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John Mankins: oxygen carbon.

523
01:20:24.840 --> 01:20:26.670
John Mankins: The nitrogen and so on.

524
01:20:27.870 --> 01:20:33.930
John Mankins: And just a host of other issues, one of the the number one premises of having a true settlement.

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01:20:34.530 --> 01:20:42.330
John Mankins: Is that a settlement will have children, it will have settlers people who live there, essentially indefinitely.

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01:20:42.810 --> 01:20:51.000
John Mankins: And there will also be people who are visiting we anticipate that there will be visitors, and in fact the first mission of the spacex.

527
01:20:51.720 --> 01:21:02.310
John Mankins: starship which they are building is a space tourism mission, so making this one of the premises that requirement for a lunar settlement, we think is is obvious.

528
01:21:05.070 --> 01:21:15.090
John Mankins: I won't talk too much about the about a lot of this because I didn't, I just wanted to skim through it, the idea is more than one area for habitation.

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John Mankins: We have not yet gotten into any real detail having to do with the architecture of that habitation However, the most important consideration is embodied in this.

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John Mankins: picture of data of the date what data set from the Lunar reconnaissance orbiter Lola data laser out the Lunar orbiter laser altimeter data.

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John Mankins: And, in particular, that the variation between the highest point in this depiction of the data set and the lowest point is five kilometres.

532
01:21:49.200 --> 01:22:02.100
John Mankins: And that you have variations of five kilometres over distances on the order of four kilometers and so you can have extraordinarily steep and rugged terrain.

533
01:22:02.610 --> 01:22:12.150
John Mankins: Everywhere, where there is an interest, where there is a an opportunity to develop lunar resources so everything everything that's been talked about.

534
01:22:12.600 --> 01:22:23.550
John Mankins: You know we're going to build the on these beautiful flat services architecture can start out the you know with this pristine plane that looks a little bit like where Apollo 11 landed.

535
01:22:24.090 --> 01:22:33.360
John Mankins: All of that is, in my opinion crazy and will never happen because the things that are of interest, the energy with it, we need.

536
01:22:33.810 --> 01:22:43.530
John Mankins: The sunlight that we need and be the permanently shadowed regions where the ice is located, that we are going to try to develop the reason why everyone is going to the moon.

537
01:22:44.100 --> 01:22:56.430
John Mankins: These are separated by five kilometers eight kilometers 12 kilometers in linear distance and by 2345 kilometers in elevation.

538
01:22:57.150 --> 01:23:08.130
John Mankins: And in in between, you have an extremely rugged terrain with variations of 50 100 200 meters over links the size of a soccer field.

539
01:23:08.670 --> 01:23:18.960
John Mankins: And so, these are these are non trivial they're very interesting slopes, there are some fairly benign areas, one of these, which we have chosen for the site of.

540
01:23:19.320 --> 01:23:30.840
John Mankins: The reputation system, this first lunar settlement, which by the way, I might mention we are naming oasis the off world off earth eponymous.

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John Mankins: settlement in saline for Salinas the the name of the moon, so it spells oasis oasis one will be here in this greater which is on the far edge of the ridgeline away from Shackleton.

542
01:23:48.180 --> 01:24:00.000
John Mankins: This is one of the largely eliminated regions, this is a an elevation map tape and taken from the lr data by shaving out of the online data set.

543
01:24:01.980 --> 01:24:08.550
John Mankins: A terrain map at individual elevation separated by about 20 meters each.

544
01:24:09.990 --> 01:24:16.560
John Mankins: And this is a 3D model that I constructed just to show visually what these look like.

545
01:24:17.010 --> 01:24:27.150
John Mankins: And the core idea is for this first human settlement to be here in this upper crater on the outer edge of this, the South pole or rich and.

546
01:24:27.780 --> 01:24:39.900
John Mankins: That in the distance, if you look towards the malibu massive, which is about 8100 kilometers away toward the earth, that the earth itself will be visible from the settlement.

547
01:24:40.500 --> 01:24:48.420
John Mankins: In the sky, if you if you look out what I think will be required, which are some windows so it'll be here.

548
01:24:49.140 --> 01:24:55.350
John Mankins: There will be a need for agricultural area for crop production and for recycling of the.

549
01:24:56.310 --> 01:25:13.410
John Mankins: The various key cycles and of course there's a number of elements that can be developed from lunar resources and there are others which will have to be important and so low cost transportation will be absolutely enabling for any kind of a of a lunar settlement.

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01:25:14.910 --> 01:25:26.280
John Mankins: This is the approximate concept model that we are envisioning, which is based on in this case a cliff dwelling in the American Southwest the anasazi people.

551
01:25:27.240 --> 01:25:40.110
John Mankins: And the idea being that, through a combination of tunneling and construction using technologies exactly like were discussed in for come in contract crafting.

552
01:25:40.920 --> 01:25:54.720
John Mankins: That this is how we can quickly develop a both a settlement like we could quickly, ie and 25 years and a volume for agricultural operations.

553
01:25:56.400 --> 01:26:07.350
John Mankins: This just gives you a a look at what it would look like, if you were looking from mindmeld leopard massive back in the general direction of the of the oasis one.

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John Mankins: we've also got the planning which will be publishing having to do with a Spaceport to support the setup the oasis one and the fuel depot to support the Spaceport.

555
01:26:22.140 --> 01:26:27.060
John Mankins: And then, of course, there are various locations in this vicinity, which are permanently shattered and have.

556
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John Mankins: The prospect for ice mining, one of the best is this one, which is in this diamond shape, because the terrain in going from a waste this one to this permanently shadowed region where ice has been detected.

557
01:26:41.430 --> 01:26:50.910
John Mankins: is quite is relatively I won't say quite it's relatively benign and so you have a you can you have the prospect of surface access.

558
01:26:51.270 --> 01:27:04.650
John Mankins: To the ice deposits and the ability to bring back the the extracted ice for processing and turning it into a propellant send atmosphere materials and so on.

559
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John Mankins: And with that my do I think I will stop I think that's about 10 minutes i'm sorry if I took a little too long.

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John Mankins: i'll just say that we are looking at it also looking at the economics for such a settlement and and how all of the prospects for operations and services and so on Mike knit together Okay, thank you very much.

561
01:27:28.020 --> 01:27:36.840
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you john you know so so rational that I can handle I can keep my horses I you know we want this done tomorrow.

562
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Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you john we are off to our next speaker, and that is Michael Morris and.

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Madhu Thangavelu: I want to tell you that a couple years ago it was not too long ago that I started to see some incredible images coming out of this firm called search.

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01:27:59.610 --> 01:28:09.630
Madhu Thangavelu: And I think Michael will tell us more about all the good things happening before you share MAC well, welcome to welcome to the space architects guy gathering Michael.

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Madhu Thangavelu: you're.

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Michael Morris: I am now I can you can hear me, yes, we can.

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Michael Morris: Greetings everyone i'm here with my colleagues Christina charge solo and Rebecca pels Friedman, but in the in the.

568
01:28:29.610 --> 01:28:33.660
Michael Morris: idea of trying to be time effective but it's just gonna be me.

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Michael Morris: Speaking to today so.

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Madhu Thangavelu: hi everybody.

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Michael Morris: And then, because i'm in i'm in the west of Ireland i'm going to be dropping off the call So hopefully my colleagues can remain.

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01:28:48.570 --> 01:29:00.330
Michael Morris: On the on the in the event to participate in the Q amp a, but we also have a couple of other TEAM members that were working on this project that we're going to share with you today the Lunar lantern.

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Michael Morris: Victoria nettie and masa are also here and can also potentially address some of the questions that may come up yes.

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Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you all.

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01:29:12.210 --> 01:29:17.340
Michael Morris: Also, able to say so thank you so much i'm just going to go ahead and share my screen.

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01:29:21.630 --> 01:29:22.050
Michael Morris: Okay.

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01:29:23.820 --> 01:29:26.280
Michael Morris: Share everybody see that.

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01:29:29.070 --> 01:29:29.910
Michael Morris: Is that visible.

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AIAA LA-LV: Yes, great.

580
01:29:32.760 --> 01:29:35.970
Michael Morris: So i'm just going to jump in and we're going to just.

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Michael Morris: start by showing you a video can everybody hear this.

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We are the light that travels beyond.

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AIAA LA-LV: To the model is low.

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And extraordinary environment requiring extraordinary architecture.

585
01:29:58.230 --> 01:30:00.930
search plus introduces the Lunar lander.

586
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AIAA LA-LV: there's a way to increase the water contribution.

587
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Michael Morris: Looking at that I funded research and development program for a space based construction system to support future exploration of.

588
01:30:21.090 --> 01:30:22.200
harsh and hostile.

589
01:30:24.240 --> 01:30:39.240
Michael Morris: string temperature swings between 127 degrees Celsius to negative 238 degrees hours of seismic activity in the form of moonquakes and micrometeorite impact, all within a mere atmospheric vacuum.

590
01:30:41.460 --> 01:30:53.070
Michael Morris: For a permanent lunar presence to exist, robust structures will need to be built on the moon that provide better thermal radiation and micrometeorite protection than metal or inflatable habitats can provide.

591
01:30:57.540 --> 01:31:06.750
In order to achieve this search plus design responsive and resilient structures to be built using icons Olympus construction systems and 3D printing technology.

592
01:31:12.120 --> 01:31:12.780
Michael Morris: whoops sorry.

593
01:31:23.880 --> 01:31:25.320
Michael Morris: Sorry i'm going to go forward.

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01:31:34.530 --> 01:31:37.140
We are the light that travels beyond.

595
01:31:40.260 --> 01:31:44.100
Michael Morris: An extraordinary environment requiring extraordinary architecture.

596
01:31:47.190 --> 01:31:49.890
search plus introduces the Lunar lander.

597
01:31:52.050 --> 01:32:01.890
Michael Morris: Our contribution to icons project Olympus the NASA funded research and development program for a space based construction system to support future exploration of the moon.

598
01:32:09.300 --> 01:32:10.410
harsh and hostile.

599
01:32:12.420 --> 01:32:27.450
Michael Morris: Extreme temperature swings between 127 degrees Celsius to negative 238 degrees hours of seismic activity in the form of moonquakes and micrometeorite impact, all within a near atmospheric vacuum.

600
01:32:29.670 --> 01:32:41.250
For a permanent lunar presence to exist, robust structures will need to be built on the moon that provide better thermal radiation and micrometeorite protection, then metal or inflatable habitats can provide.

601
01:32:45.750 --> 01:32:54.930
Michael Morris: In order to achieve this search plus design responsive and resilient structures to be built using icons Olympus construction system and 3D printing technology.

602
01:33:00.330 --> 01:33:06.360
Michael Morris: The lunar lander an outpost consists of habitats sheds landing pads last walls and roadways.

603
01:33:10.830 --> 01:33:19.770
Michael Morris: landing to be one of the first lunar structures will need to contain and control the supersonic and sub sonic dusty ejecta created during launch and landing.

604
01:33:22.380 --> 01:33:29.670
Michael Morris: search pluses design offers multiple strategies for both dust mitigation and dust collection and predictability form and function.

605
01:33:34.830 --> 01:33:49.410
Michael Morris: In order to replicate the earth's daily circadian rhythms and seasonal cycles, the Lunar lander and utilizes a fiber optic system which captures the nearly perpetual light at the moon South Pole and modulates it in both brightness and color temperature.

606
01:33:50.820 --> 01:34:01.200
Michael Morris: The interior of the habitat is organized vertically, with three designated levels for work and exercise dining and social sleeping and private spaces.

607
01:34:03.030 --> 01:34:11.460
Michael Morris: The lunar lantern employees three key structural components based isolated at the foundation are employed to dampen seismic activity.

608
01:34:13.980 --> 01:34:18.540
Michael Morris: Externally deployed post tension cables apply impressive stress to the 3D printed.

609
01:34:20.280 --> 01:34:21.930
Michael Morris: And the protective double Shell called.

610
01:34:23.070 --> 01:34:23.580
Michael Morris: standards.

611
01:34:41.160 --> 01:34:48.300
Michael Morris: The lunar lantern concepts into exceed the factors of safety for its inhabitants in support of mankind's first extended mission.

612
01:35:16.530 --> 01:35:20.610
Michael Morris: sorry about that little glitch at the beginning, if you.

613
01:35:22.200 --> 01:35:43.110
Michael Morris: may know a little bit about this project it's part of the project Olympus working with commissioned by icon build out of Austin and under those sort of guys of the moon to Mars planetary autonomous construction technology or impact team that we are participating and developing.

614
01:35:44.160 --> 01:35:53.190
Michael Morris: concepts for habitats infrastructural components and landing pads including landing pads.

615
01:35:54.120 --> 01:36:11.700
Michael Morris: For the Lunar surface for lunar mission as as as part of that and the project was largely site agnostic as well as thing and we were working with icons gantry system trying to move this forward moving forward.

616
01:36:13.770 --> 01:36:15.510
Michael Morris: Why is this not moving forward.

617
01:36:16.950 --> 01:36:23.100
Michael Morris: There we go the project started just going to go very briefly of this is almost the lecture by itself.

618
01:36:24.750 --> 01:36:36.660
Michael Morris: Our colleague Christina charge olo sort of lead this part of the project, which actually went became the catalyst for the impact project when we went to at NASA after our successes with the.

619
01:36:38.160 --> 01:36:47.160
Michael Morris: With the centennial challenge competitions, we went to NASA to sort of start to build our to begin to full scale test some of our concepts.

620
01:36:47.610 --> 01:37:02.160
Michael Morris: And we just started developing this earth space relationship and he said of venn diagram so i'm giving you a little bit of the background of the of the project, because I think the video, which is what's today was, I think, was the premiere of that video.

621
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Michael Morris: To all.

622
01:37:05.100 --> 01:37:12.570
Michael Morris: Is the sort of thing, so we really looked at this sort of venn diagrams in terms of construction technology material innovation, sustainable operation sustainable.

623
01:37:12.990 --> 01:37:23.220
Michael Morris: And and scalability and human factors, and so this is a kind of a paper and a presentation, perhaps on its own, where we're extensively looking at that, but as.

624
01:37:24.780 --> 01:37:26.850
Michael Morris: As john was mentioning and.

625
01:37:28.650 --> 01:37:35.370
Michael Morris: The previous speakers were mentioning and sort of combines a lot of that information about the moon, and so speaking to the choir i'm not going to go.

626
01:37:35.790 --> 01:37:44.970
Michael Morris: into too much depth here, but we did a lot of extensive background fact it really takes us an hour to get through the general presentation of what we sort of.

627
01:37:45.450 --> 01:37:51.870
Michael Morris: tapped into and thinking about it, but we were basically looking at these four main factors adaptability flexibility resilience.

628
01:37:52.290 --> 01:37:57.180
Michael Morris: And multi use so i'm just going to be very brief, with this, and so we were also working with the sort of.

629
01:37:57.630 --> 01:38:03.390
Michael Morris: timeline of, even though we were not a project wasn't didn't specifically asked us to do this.

630
01:38:03.810 --> 01:38:17.280
Michael Morris: We felt that we needed to do a lot of background material and precedent, study and also beginning to figure out what the technology readiness level the trs how we could actually fold into the existing.

631
01:38:18.810 --> 01:38:30.120
Michael Morris: ARTEMIS mission and project timeline put boots on the ground, and we, although we were site agnostic we did an extensive site analysis sort of looking at precedent in terms of these.

632
01:38:30.600 --> 01:38:44.940
Michael Morris: Putting this lunar reconnaissance orbiter maps, together with luminance typography and temperature beginning to look at that, as you saw on the video and sort of we looked at them a lot of different architectural precedence from, particularly from the 60s on over on that, but in the.

633
01:38:46.590 --> 01:38:54.870
Michael Morris: precedence, in particular in terms of siding and beginning to come up with masterplan strategies, although that was not our charge in this project, so we're.

634
01:38:55.200 --> 01:39:01.350
Michael Morris: going to move on, we kind of covered the sort of landing pads in the video a little bit so i'm not going to go into that too much today.

635
01:39:02.130 --> 01:39:10.560
Michael Morris: But again, our our charges were sort of we took a larger view of this planar surface construction shielding habitats and utility shelters.

636
01:39:10.890 --> 01:39:21.030
Michael Morris: In addition to sort of looking at the landing pads and it was really an opportunity to begin to start talking to public and private sectors between NASA and.

637
01:39:21.810 --> 01:39:37.740
Michael Morris: Obviously you know the blue origin spacex and dynamics in terms of the sort of landing pattern, I see that my land or the bottom fell off the slide but i'm sort of moving them around they're all attached, but basically working with you know this information.

638
01:39:39.030 --> 01:39:45.780
Michael Morris: about the 70 degree of three degree dust plume mitigation in the Center landing pad.

639
01:39:46.470 --> 01:39:55.320
Michael Morris: And then quickly moving on sort of like looking at all of the different construction technologies from jack's to live live tilt up prefab panels.

640
01:39:55.710 --> 01:40:12.120
Michael Morris: To pressure vessels inflatable and post mentioning foundation systems and then looking at the different issues of the sort of capstone the sort of overhang angle issues of building a pressurized habitats slow solely out of is, are you and materials.

641
01:40:13.170 --> 01:40:13.650
Michael Morris: So we.

642
01:40:15.780 --> 01:40:16.950
stuck on this.

643
01:40:18.150 --> 01:40:18.750
Michael Morris: forward.

644
01:40:19.800 --> 01:40:32.130
Michael Morris: So, looking at then just developing a series of sheds we sort of used the project to build our own vocabulary, in terms of beginning to think about how we would actually.

645
01:40:33.180 --> 01:40:47.790
Michael Morris: develop the architecture along the sort of different class missions along also through the timeline and what would be be ready to do in a few years time versus ultimately you know, several decades down the road.

646
01:40:51.240 --> 01:40:53.370
Michael Morris: Moving forward so easily.

647
01:40:54.420 --> 01:41:07.380
Michael Morris: So we really are you know part of searches thing is that we're very interested in humanizing the spaces, that we make so we we get to draw a lot of inspiration from biological sources and, in this particular case, you know.

648
01:41:08.010 --> 01:41:22.560
Michael Morris: We were looking at pine cones sort of see Cone relationships and and then the end you know because we had to introduce expansion joints into the whipple shield, I found this direct correlation between our diagram on the outside and this.

649
01:41:24.540 --> 01:41:28.920
Michael Morris: actually called Sputnik sea urchin appropriately named.

650
01:41:30.270 --> 01:41:46.290
Michael Morris: But began just looking at this sort of you know, human factors aspect and if we're going to send people into space for a long period of time, I think it's searches are firms mandate that humans are positioned at the Center.

651
01:41:47.850 --> 01:41:49.920
Michael Morris: So we sort of looked to both.

652
01:41:52.200 --> 01:42:00.960
Michael Morris: Space precedents, as well as earth presidents and beginning to thing that we spent a long time doing a relationship between form optimization.

653
01:42:01.410 --> 01:42:10.110
Michael Morris: relationship between the program and the predictability issues and the sort of relationship to that to the habitat in particular.

654
01:42:10.800 --> 01:42:18.720
Michael Morris: And this is sort of what we call the hero section of the habitat, which basically shows the elements, the Himalayas fiber optics system, the whipple shield.

655
01:42:19.170 --> 01:42:26.040
Michael Morris: The post tension in cables the 3D printed wall, the pressurized material liner the window facing Earth.

656
01:42:26.640 --> 01:42:34.380
Michael Morris: 3D printed foundation parabolic base oscillators and a motorized school for the tension cable so you'll see this coming up again.

657
01:42:35.070 --> 01:42:42.900
Michael Morris: This is sort of habitat requirements structural analysis so again respond to radiation seismic activity extreme temperatures.

658
01:42:43.410 --> 01:42:52.410
Michael Morris: And meteorite me direct impact in relationship to what we were designing when we sort of use these three basic things that you saw on the video.

659
01:42:52.890 --> 01:43:05.130
Michael Morris: base isolation post mentioning and a whipple shield to address some of these the seismic activity, this sort of pressurization of the actual printed centered regolith.

660
01:43:06.180 --> 01:43:11.640
Michael Morris: And then the whipple shield to deal with micrometeorites but interestingly enough, also to deal with this sort of temperature.

661
01:43:12.360 --> 01:43:21.240
Michael Morris: And a lot of our structural analysis, as was referred to earlier that the central regolith could turn into a glass like structure we CAP it at a sort of lower.

662
01:43:21.870 --> 01:43:36.240
Michael Morris: melting point on sort of producers so ceramic so a lot of our our structural data are are based on the fact that we would actually produce ceramics centered material, and this is something that.

663
01:43:37.560 --> 01:43:45.870
Michael Morris: Is yet is also simultaneously as part of the impact team is also being worked on, but this was our our own internal.

664
01:43:46.440 --> 01:43:57.750
Michael Morris: analysis, both on the side of seismic loading the weight of this thing would actually have been probably Okay, we found out, but there are certain issues of the sort of pressurization.

665
01:43:58.740 --> 01:44:06.780
Michael Morris: That you'll see in terms of the relationship of without post mentioning on the left and with post mentioning on the right.

666
01:44:07.170 --> 01:44:12.330
Michael Morris: You see a lot more blue by they added sort of CAP, and this was also part of the deployment.

667
01:44:12.810 --> 01:44:29.670
Michael Morris: But more interestingly enough, was the sort of our preliminary studies of the six inch deflection that happens, relative to the thermal loading on the actual printed regulus, so this is a really a kind of an interesting fine and sort of really felt like it kind of.

668
01:44:30.810 --> 01:44:45.180
Michael Morris: Really encapsulated this relationship between our whipple shield Shell of the sort of diagram and the relationship of the internalized habitat so offering not only ballistic protection but.

669
01:44:47.100 --> 01:44:56.730
Michael Morris: protection from thermal expansion and it sort of replaced ability and essentially what we found out even from the whipple shield is that we had to introduce these expansion joints.

670
01:44:57.150 --> 01:45:00.990
Michael Morris: Which we're sort of currently continuing to work on to develop.

671
01:45:01.530 --> 01:45:10.560
Michael Morris: So just in terms of exciting again it was sort of site agnostic but we were sort of more or less leaning towards this sort of precedent of the Lunar South pole.

672
01:45:11.010 --> 01:45:19.560
Michael Morris: and looking at sites, obviously, for those three criteria that I mentioned earlier flatness but we were just looking at very basic integration between.

673
01:45:20.010 --> 01:45:27.570
Michael Morris: The fairing of the of the payload and sort of rocket and how we get these internal core structures delivered from Earth.

674
01:45:28.110 --> 01:45:37.500
Michael Morris: We were also looking at how our structure could obviously be sort of developed a centerpiece the level excavated but we were looking at it in terms of different possibilities of.

675
01:45:37.980 --> 01:45:50.760
Michael Morris: terrain and then expansion in terms of first floor to second floor airlock systems that could offer connections to laboratories, so this habitat was slowly developed as a habitat.

676
01:45:51.810 --> 01:45:59.880
Michael Morris: But we because we saw that laboratories should be separate structures, if there if there is a laboratory work being done.

677
01:46:03.120 --> 01:46:06.570
Michael Morris: Some animation of the construction sequence.

678
01:46:09.540 --> 01:46:15.300
Michael Morris: So these sort of these leaves if you were sort of at would be replaceable.

679
01:46:16.200 --> 01:46:24.060
Michael Morris: Should there be meteorite impact and then one of the big internal debates that we had was whether the whipple shield needed to be printed simultaneously.

680
01:46:24.630 --> 01:46:33.960
Michael Morris: or separately, as per the diagram like so from the inside out so you have the left, showing the simultaneous printing and the right showing the sort of sequential printing.

681
01:46:37.440 --> 01:46:52.410
Michael Morris: So this was a big debate that we had internally about how the habitat would need to be protected, while it was being built from the very thermal expansion, that it was experiencing from the heat the tremendous heat exchange.

682
01:46:52.920 --> 01:46:53.370
Madhu Thangavelu: Are these.

683
01:46:53.910 --> 01:46:55.050
Madhu Thangavelu: Are we doing on time.

684
01:46:55.890 --> 01:46:58.470
i'm done Michael oh great perfect.

685
01:47:01.260 --> 01:47:06.570
Madhu Thangavelu: Oh, this is great, you know pineapple is my favorite fruit.

686
01:47:08.400 --> 01:47:08.940
yeah.

687
01:47:10.080 --> 01:47:14.580
Madhu Thangavelu: I have a large pine Cone in front of the front of our home, too, but the wonderful.

688
01:47:14.940 --> 01:47:16.290
Michael Morris: line is always on my desk.

689
01:47:17.490 --> 01:47:38.880
Madhu Thangavelu: Great Thank you so much, I know, every one of those authors you put on their melody your short talk to my class just not too long ago she was a presenter at the last event I think right can well anyway Thank you so much wonderful presentation.

690
01:47:39.330 --> 01:47:42.420
Michael Morris: Barry about the sound in the video, we have to pump that up a little bit.

691
01:47:43.200 --> 01:47:50.790
Madhu Thangavelu: These isolated isolation is critical, Michael i'm glad you address that all we have to do now is worry about the dust but that's another day.

692
01:47:52.500 --> 01:48:00.180
Madhu Thangavelu: With that we are going to Rodrigo in my favorite place in the world Hawaii How are things in Paradise Rodrigo.

693
01:48:03.480 --> 01:48:04.410
Madhu Thangavelu: microphone.

694
01:48:06.690 --> 01:48:08.160
Rodrigo Romo: Things are great here at moto.

695
01:48:09.480 --> 01:48:15.030
Rodrigo Romo: early in the morning right now we're finally getting some sunny days after a lot of rain, but things are here.

696
01:48:15.390 --> 01:48:16.080
Madhu Thangavelu: Go for it.

697
01:48:16.980 --> 01:48:24.150
Rodrigo Romo: Well, thank you model went oh hi to everybody as models said i'm reaching to you from hilo Hawaii the big island of Hawaii.

698
01:48:24.690 --> 01:48:34.710
Rodrigo Romo: i'm going to be talking to you about some of the work that we have been doing here at pisces we're a State Agency located on the big island, our main focus is to.

699
01:48:35.190 --> 01:48:43.950
Rodrigo Romo: develop the aerospace industry in the state, we all know what is our us all about you know, collection and processing of use of local.

700
01:48:44.820 --> 01:48:50.250
Rodrigo Romo: Our resources and materials every place materials that would otherwise be brought in from from Earth.

701
01:48:50.880 --> 01:49:06.750
Rodrigo Romo: And as you all know, is, are you it's not a really new concept we've been doing is, are you for thousands of years, the thing is when we go to the moon or Mars we're not going to have as many resources as our predecessors have had in new locations.

702
01:49:08.190 --> 01:49:21.480
Rodrigo Romo: A one thing we do have plenty office regolith and the nice thing about regolith is that it's readily available easy to access does not need to be processed is basically bend over and scoop it up, and you have it in your hands.

703
01:49:22.920 --> 01:49:27.030
Rodrigo Romo: One thing that we have here in Hawaii is access to plenty of.

704
01:49:28.260 --> 01:49:42.480
Rodrigo Romo: Good Mars or lunar stimulant on the form of our basalt a, why has been used for many years back from the Apollo days to do analog testing of hardware equipment instrumentation.

705
01:49:43.470 --> 01:49:50.160
Rodrigo Romo: robotics mobility testing and, as you can see from this graph on the bottom of the slide.

706
01:49:50.790 --> 01:50:06.180
Rodrigo Romo: Be there are strong similarities between some of the basalt that we have here in Hawaii and some of the Lunar on Mars and soil samples that have been analyzed which makes it a good place to to do some testing.

707
01:50:07.590 --> 01:50:10.530
Rodrigo Romo: When it comes to to is, are you applications of regolith.

708
01:50:11.220 --> 01:50:22.290
Rodrigo Romo: One of the areas where we have been focusing on research is on centering of hawaiian basalt and it's got many applications that have been already discussing some of the previous talks from launch pads.

709
01:50:22.770 --> 01:50:31.320
Rodrigo Romo: Paper manufacturer and for thermal bodies three Angela thermal kids shields radiation seals flooring tiles tools and parts construction blocks.

710
01:50:32.550 --> 01:50:38.670
Rodrigo Romo: thermal insulation Pave surfaces there's a lot of applications for for regolith centering.

711
01:50:40.380 --> 01:50:49.440
Rodrigo Romo: Our original work with centering goes back to 2015 16 where we join forces with robotics and the guys at honey.

712
01:50:50.700 --> 01:51:00.810
Rodrigo Romo: swamp works at Kennedy space Center where we built a a landing pad from start to finish it was all built through Tele operations.

713
01:51:01.200 --> 01:51:11.340
Rodrigo Romo: It was made with interlocking tiles made from centered basalt so it was all meant to be proof of concept to see if it's possible to build.

714
01:51:11.850 --> 01:51:26.400
Rodrigo Romo: launch pad full scale launch pad with just nc to resources and be built Hello robotically so we had several findings from that project want it is possible, we were able to build the landing pad.

715
01:51:27.630 --> 01:51:39.840
Rodrigo Romo: And we learned a lot from the from the the sign of the papers, as well as the material that we utilize the interlocking favors you know the material first that the material proved to be.

716
01:51:40.860 --> 01:51:48.780
Rodrigo Romo: tolerant to the velocity send the heat from the exhaust of a rocket motor we submitted the tiles to static rocket rocket motor test.

717
01:51:50.130 --> 01:52:00.870
Rodrigo Romo: Design had a had some problems that the cost airlift of the tiles wants a hot gases penetrated underneath the tiles it got through the.

718
01:52:01.320 --> 01:52:10.380
Rodrigo Romo: Through the joints of the titles, but fortunately the impact pavement got pinned in place by the exhaust of the motor and when we found out after we we.

719
01:52:11.070 --> 01:52:23.040
Rodrigo Romo: tested that that impact paper was that the material did not suffer any significant degradation or loss of material due to the velocity or the or the heat from the exhaust of the motor.

720
01:52:23.910 --> 01:52:34.800
Rodrigo Romo: This also shows the importance of you know, a couple of presentations have talked about using tiles interlocking tiles for launch pads.

721
01:52:36.540 --> 01:52:45.090
Rodrigo Romo: sealing the joints between the pilots were doing some kind of grounding to prevent the hot gases from infiltrating in between the tiles is going to be a critical part of the.

722
01:52:45.540 --> 01:52:54.780
Rodrigo Romo: Design process of a launch pad if it's going to be using centering tiles as far as this properties of the basalt goes.

723
01:52:55.860 --> 01:53:06.810
Rodrigo Romo: The first generation of Center basalt we we built is that orange reddish sample on the on the top loan the Center left of the slide.

724
01:53:07.290 --> 01:53:15.180
Rodrigo Romo: And you can see from its properties of FLEX real strength and compress of strength is life somewhere in between residential concrete and commercial concrete.

725
01:53:16.110 --> 01:53:30.450
Rodrigo Romo: As we advanced we develop a stronger type of Center of assault, the one on the Center and right that has significantly stronger structural properties and the first generation we're talking now.

726
01:53:31.200 --> 01:53:39.660
Rodrigo Romo: About 5800 PSI of functional strength and 30,000 pounds of impressive strength, which makes it stronger than specialty concrete.

727
01:53:40.620 --> 01:53:52.080
Rodrigo Romo: uh it's been we've been working with that material and testing it for launch pad material, the picture on the bottom right as a tile would test it with mastering space systems in California.

728
01:53:53.580 --> 01:54:03.270
Rodrigo Romo: And there's been a learning process and how to develop this material the SEC second picture, from the bottom shows one of some of the initial work we had.

729
01:54:03.600 --> 01:54:20.880
Rodrigo Romo: We had a lot of cracking and fracturing on the tiles we learned later learned that the cooling process is just as important as a heating process and we've gotten, to the point where where we can now repeatedly produce pile of Sub consistent.

730
01:54:22.020 --> 01:54:38.430
Rodrigo Romo: properties now this material also has the characteristic that that it can be machine, so you can do some reductive manufacturing as well, right now, we've been focusing on mold creating our parks or titles in malls in a conventional kiln.

731
01:54:39.540 --> 01:54:46.860
Rodrigo Romo: As you can imagine, it does have it is a very energy intensive process, which is a downside to centering.

732
01:54:48.330 --> 01:54:50.130
Rodrigo Romo: When the area that that that.

733
01:54:51.240 --> 01:55:03.750
Rodrigo Romo: called our attention and there's a lot of talk about doing centering both on the moon and Mars, but very little attention seems to be given to the mineralogy of the regolith that's going to be used.

734
01:55:04.560 --> 01:55:11.070
Rodrigo Romo: So we started looking at that, and the first thing we thought is you know, we know that not all basalt is created equal.

735
01:55:12.090 --> 01:55:19.980
Rodrigo Romo: it's going to vary so we start collecting samples from various commercial 40s and analog sites here on the big island to see what the variations.

736
01:55:20.490 --> 01:55:31.020
Rodrigo Romo: and mental composition that basalt was and we found that there is and be some significant variations what's interesting here, if you look at the high point of a compared to a y una be.

737
01:55:31.500 --> 01:55:38.400
Rodrigo Romo: These are samples collected from the same corey and, if you look at the magnesium oxide variation is quite significant.

738
01:55:39.840 --> 01:55:51.210
Rodrigo Romo: We found out that that for years, located in joint sewn of to volcanoes mama law and killer whale so depending on how deep you you mind the assault from that corey.

739
01:55:51.690 --> 01:55:59.640
Rodrigo Romo: you're going to be collecting assault from one volcano or the other, and basalt depending on the volcano source it's going to vary.

740
01:56:00.600 --> 01:56:09.270
Rodrigo Romo: So we found out that there are chemical or mineral variations in the composition of basalt what does this have to do, or how does this affect the Center ability of material.

741
01:56:10.470 --> 01:56:15.750
Rodrigo Romo: It turns out that is quite significant, so you can see the bottom three are three samples.

742
01:56:16.620 --> 01:56:20.910
Rodrigo Romo: centered from three different quarries all three Center at the exact same temperature.

743
01:56:21.450 --> 01:56:29.010
Rodrigo Romo: And we have one sample Bolton, there was just completely junk I mean it would fall apart in your hands, which is pulverize.

744
01:56:29.700 --> 01:56:39.930
Rodrigo Romo: The other one PTA is Hollywood stronger and then glover is a much stronger material, so the variation in mineralogy does have an effect on Central ability which.

745
01:56:40.710 --> 01:56:50.400
Rodrigo Romo: Then follows reason why we're gonna be talking about centering on the moon or Mars, we need to find out what the composition of the of the regular is desired locations.

746
01:56:51.240 --> 01:57:02.880
Rodrigo Romo: To do construction and see if that regolith is suitable for the centering process right now we're working on a using a mineral base.

747
01:57:04.500 --> 01:57:19.080
Rodrigo Romo: binder inaccurate solution we actually just were notified that we are a proposal we submitted in collaboration with mass and say space systems for nesting Dr has been selected to develop a low energy additive manufacturing process for launch pass.

748
01:57:20.970 --> 01:57:34.020
Rodrigo Romo: This this new binder that we're utilizing has several benefits one it reduces and mold deterioration that we haven't problems with right now, a significantly reduces the centering temperature of assault.

749
01:57:35.040 --> 01:57:44.280
Rodrigo Romo: A can cure and moon or Mars environment without the need to add additional heat is got the potential for additive manufacturing through extrusion.

750
01:57:45.390 --> 01:57:52.320
Rodrigo Romo: And the binary has it the potential of being synthesize on Mars, not so much in the moon, or it will be harder to synthesize and the moon.

751
01:57:52.710 --> 01:58:02.190
Rodrigo Romo: But definitely it can be synthesized from Mars and regulate it will require the use of water, so that that's kind of a trade off, you can do low energy additive manufacturing.

752
01:58:03.540 --> 01:58:08.610
Rodrigo Romo: Which which reduces the energy, the man, but you will require to use water.

753
01:58:09.570 --> 01:58:11.160
For the manufacturing process.

754
01:58:13.200 --> 01:58:14.820
Rodrigo Romo: that's what I have right now.

755
01:58:15.720 --> 01:58:25.830
Rodrigo Romo: I don't want to take too much time, I know we're running a little late here's my contact information if anybody has any any questions or luck to to reach out to me i'll be more than glad to to.

756
01:58:26.160 --> 01:58:39.630
Rodrigo Romo: communicate with you, I will try to stay, towards the end until the end of today's talk to to answer any questions, but in any case, I have to wave, here is my contact information and i'd be glad to share information with you.

757
01:58:40.110 --> 01:58:40.800
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you.

758
01:58:40.860 --> 01:58:43.110
Rodrigo Romo: Thanks Rodrigo yes.

759
01:58:44.040 --> 01:58:56.790
Madhu Thangavelu: You know, one of the things you want to do look at this, I have the one that you machine for me, maybe that's where the trick lies in shaping structures, just to fit and.

760
01:58:57.300 --> 01:59:12.150
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much for your talk and we are off to our next speaker who is joining us from New York, and that is that's right that's right, thank you, thank you Rodrigo.

761
01:59:14.340 --> 01:59:26.640
Madhu Thangavelu: Danielle innocent a is extremely busy at this chemo at the storied skidmore owings and Merrill welcome Daniel.

762
01:59:28.140 --> 01:59:28.680
Daniel Inocente: Thank you.

763
01:59:29.370 --> 01:59:30.210
Madhu Thangavelu: Know type.

764
01:59:30.660 --> 01:59:32.820
Daniel Inocente: Know it's very sunny so I can't wait to get up.

765
01:59:34.320 --> 01:59:36.930
Madhu Thangavelu: that's already been good to have you please.

766
01:59:37.080 --> 01:59:43.230
Daniel Inocente: Good yeah Thank you thanks for having me you're welcome so i'm going to be presenting.

767
01:59:44.310 --> 01:59:55.590
Daniel Inocente: Something that I came up with and hdmi do called integrated tectonics and I think I think it's important for all of us working on space architecture.

768
01:59:56.010 --> 02:00:03.780
Daniel Inocente: And the ideas behind space architecture to you know, sometimes step back and think about the impact that these concepts can have on.

769
02:00:04.200 --> 02:00:18.420
Daniel Inocente: on earth and terrestrial applications, so I wanted to start with first thinking about how you know how does architecture impact cities as a whole because urban ISM you know it's changing dramatically.

770
02:00:18.990 --> 02:00:31.650
Daniel Inocente: there's tons of energy being used tons of material, it takes a lot of ingenuity, to build cities to build structures to build inhabited environments and you know we have great examples we have.

771
02:00:32.340 --> 02:00:40.530
Daniel Inocente: examples where density really creates a lot of requirements from every every discipline working on.

772
02:00:41.250 --> 02:00:57.390
Daniel Inocente: You know, different parts of infrastructure to bring together their their expertise and to you know make cities, viable and also to make settlements viable in an extreme environments, like in mcmurdo station, and so the kinds of logics I think and the kinds of.

773
02:00:58.440 --> 02:01:08.970
Daniel Inocente: ideas that we we produce to build these these interventions have to be very integrated, they have to be thoughtful and they have to look far into the future.

774
02:01:10.320 --> 02:01:23.610
Daniel Inocente: You know, when I get I have the privilege of working on projects across scales, in my role at so i'm, and so I had the privilege of working on large tall towers, a master plans airports.

775
02:01:24.690 --> 02:01:43.230
Daniel Inocente: Research projects space architecture projects, and I think the most valuable thing that we can bring to the table was you know, really, the idea of design integration and finding ways to leverage the context that we're working in whether it's environment or even technological context.

776
02:01:44.370 --> 02:01:53.490
Daniel Inocente: And so, these are just examples of you know projects that I think, have a lot of applicability to space architecture, when you when you think about the design approach.

777
02:01:54.660 --> 02:02:01.350
Daniel Inocente: And, and what I mean by that is you know they're very complex structures space architecture is also very complex.

778
02:02:01.680 --> 02:02:10.560
Daniel Inocente: And we have to think about environmental performance energy sustainability materials construction techniques there's so many parameters that we have to.

779
02:02:10.830 --> 02:02:18.120
Daniel Inocente: piece together and what i'm showing you here is an example of you know how sometimes my mind works some i'm connecting different.

780
02:02:18.690 --> 02:02:25.620
Daniel Inocente: Different drivers different forces together to try and generate architecture in a very thoughtful but also in a very integrated way.

781
02:02:25.980 --> 02:02:38.040
Daniel Inocente: And this is my you know, maybe it's a messy process but it's my process and as much information as I can gather and integrate at any given moment in my projects, I tried to do that as efficiently as possible.

782
02:02:38.430 --> 02:02:46.680
Daniel Inocente: And so you know just thinking about examples of how we approach it we do simulation for environmental performance, we look at planning, we look at the.

783
02:02:46.920 --> 02:02:55.290
Daniel Inocente: distribution of different spaces to create comfort in different environments, we look at construct ability, looking at how pieces of buildings come together.

784
02:02:56.130 --> 02:03:05.430
Daniel Inocente: You know, looking at the environmental impact, looking at how energy potential energy can be transformed into something usable for an architecture.

785
02:03:05.790 --> 02:03:10.860
Daniel Inocente: And we're we're thinking about these and we're applying these these logics to large scale structures.

786
02:03:11.340 --> 02:03:19.680
Daniel Inocente: And you know there's a lot of ambition for these technologies in the future for space architecture, but if you think about them in terrestrial terms.

787
02:03:19.920 --> 02:03:27.030
Daniel Inocente: there's also you know I think a lot of challenges that we still have to have to deal with, although there's you know some some great solutions.

788
02:03:27.240 --> 02:03:32.310
Daniel Inocente: In terms of energy production, we still have to figure out how do we make these technologies more efficient.

789
02:03:32.580 --> 02:03:42.150
Daniel Inocente: So that we can make them viable, you know for terrestrial application structural efficiency another big thing you know, the amount of structure that goes into any building concrete.

790
02:03:42.480 --> 02:03:56.040
Daniel Inocente: The mass required is just tremendous and cities producing consumes so much concrete, which is a great CO2 emission material, you know we have to think carefully about how use these materials.

791
02:03:56.610 --> 02:04:01.380
Daniel Inocente: And at the same time we're starting to push the envelope in terms of manufacturing.

792
02:04:01.800 --> 02:04:14.850
Daniel Inocente: Here we have examples of using polymers to do 3D printing using robotic printing looking at how geometry and new additive manufacturing techniques can come together can work together to make structures, more efficient.

793
02:04:16.020 --> 02:04:23.670
Daniel Inocente: And so what you know what this does is it puts in context I think what's happening to architectural which is it's been reimagined.

794
02:04:23.970 --> 02:04:28.830
Daniel Inocente: through new systems new methods new materials and what does this mean for space architecture.

795
02:04:29.340 --> 02:04:36.690
Daniel Inocente: What can it be so it's an opportunity to expand the scope and scale of architecture, but really to completely re contextualize.

796
02:04:36.990 --> 02:04:44.430
Daniel Inocente: The purpose and the meaning for what architecture can bring to future inhabited environments and the way that we build them.

797
02:04:45.210 --> 02:04:54.570
Daniel Inocente: And the project that i'm going to talk about here in terms of space architecture is one where we looked at our nearest neighbor the moon.

798
02:04:54.990 --> 02:05:03.720
Daniel Inocente: And we work together with the European Space Agency and faculty at MIT to come up with a concept for what near term space architecture could be.

799
02:05:04.230 --> 02:05:14.190
Daniel Inocente: And what you see here is this very aspirational idea of taking a completely fully integrated habitat architecture, bringing it to the south pole of the moon.

800
02:05:14.520 --> 02:05:23.010
Daniel Inocente: and making use of proximity to resources proximity to energy and looking for opportunities to conduct science, but at the same time.

801
02:05:23.430 --> 02:05:31.020
Daniel Inocente: Designing an architecture which brings a level of humanity to it, so that you can work and live in different ways that.

802
02:05:31.530 --> 02:05:38.250
Daniel Inocente: You know, sometimes is missed a missed opportunity and current forms of space architecture and so you know the context.

803
02:05:38.820 --> 02:05:50.850
Daniel Inocente: A big driver, you know we have tons of potential energy if you knew how to place your structure, if you know how to place your settlement, but we also have a lot of challenges, because the geography, is very complex.

804
02:05:51.270 --> 02:06:02.160
Daniel Inocente: You know, getting equipment, there is extremely difficult, but at the same time, we also know that there's some new vehicles new assets being developed like super heavy lift launchers that could potentially change.

805
02:06:02.400 --> 02:06:08.880
Daniel Inocente: The characters based architecture, bringing new much larger pieces of architecture to our nearest neighbor the moon.

806
02:06:09.300 --> 02:06:16.380
Daniel Inocente: And the approach that we developed with ISA was you know it's a very kind of methodical approach, but you have to start with assumptions, you have to.

807
02:06:16.650 --> 02:06:24.150
Daniel Inocente: Think about well what kind of infrastructure, you need you, you kind of have to anticipate that there's there's going to be a certain level of infrastructure already.

808
02:06:24.510 --> 02:06:36.210
Daniel Inocente: in place, and then you have to come up with a concept of operations, what does that mean that means you have to define how different systems operate through different mission phases.

809
02:06:36.600 --> 02:06:45.540
Daniel Inocente: And the habitat is only one of those components in that entire concept of operations but it, but this defines the requirements and the design.

810
02:06:45.810 --> 02:07:00.990
Daniel Inocente: approach to how you design a habitat and so, in our case, we looked at a potential habitat for for four to six people for a mission duration of up to 300 consecutive days, that is a very you know it's a very long duration.

811
02:07:01.680 --> 02:07:07.890
Daniel Inocente: But during the process we learned that we have to, we had to rethink how long you can actually support.

812
02:07:08.820 --> 02:07:14.730
Daniel Inocente: unoccupied habitat for because there's other hazards like breathing radiation and also you need to be able to supply.

813
02:07:15.540 --> 02:07:26.520
Daniel Inocente: You know the crew with with cargo with food with water, some of those things you know they take other subsequent missions, and so you have to think about how you how you tie everything together.

814
02:07:27.990 --> 02:07:39.780
Daniel Inocente: A good reference for us was looking at the international space station there's a lot of really great examples of how you build pressurized structures out there and there's also other concepts which make use of inflatable.

815
02:07:40.710 --> 02:07:54.120
Daniel Inocente: technologies, but you know, this is just the beginning, at the same time we're also looking at how do you test, how do you launch how'd you Doc, how do you land, how you deploy this kind of architecture.

816
02:07:54.810 --> 02:08:02.850
Daniel Inocente: In all of this, you know it, it came it came to us in the form of a hybrid type structure where we try to leverage.

817
02:08:03.090 --> 02:08:18.750
Daniel Inocente: An existing pressurized technologies for rigid metal structures, but then also found a way to integrate in an inflatable Shell and I won't I won't go into too much detail on how these pieces come together, but there is there is some information about that.

818
02:08:19.920 --> 02:08:31.830
Daniel Inocente: The mission components, you know, like for any any kind of architecture of this scale you do need to consider what kind of launcher you're going to use know if it's something that weighs more than 40 metric tons.

819
02:08:32.130 --> 02:08:36.360
Daniel Inocente: you're starting to get you know way beyond what we can actually deliver to the moon.

820
02:08:36.630 --> 02:08:46.470
Daniel Inocente: But then, if that's the case if you're thinking about large payloads, then you have to conceptualize what does it land or like this look what does a lender for this kind of architecture look like.

821
02:08:46.770 --> 02:08:55.800
Daniel Inocente: What kind of landing pads do you need what kind of tongues do you need you need also construction equipment like mobile cranes, you need power sources, you know you need you either need.

822
02:08:56.490 --> 02:09:03.960
Daniel Inocente: Energy like power stations that can collect solar, in which case you know becomes a lot large amount of surface area for solar power.

823
02:09:04.290 --> 02:09:10.230
Daniel Inocente: Or you can use fusion reactors so there's concepts out there about you know, using efficient reactors to produce energy.

824
02:09:10.650 --> 02:09:20.370
Daniel Inocente: And you know we we took all this into consideration and we came to terms with the fact that infrastructure is a huge driver and how you think about space architecture.

825
02:09:20.880 --> 02:09:26.520
Daniel Inocente: But at the same time, we wanted to you know approach this with a very human very experiential.

826
02:09:27.240 --> 02:09:32.790
Daniel Inocente: approach, and so we we took a look at what kinds of programs, do you need inside the space architecture.

827
02:09:33.180 --> 02:09:41.280
Daniel Inocente: You need you know livable space, need to be able to work, most of the time spent inside of the habitat is going to be, you know fer very much planned ahead.

828
02:09:41.550 --> 02:09:48.000
Daniel Inocente: And so the kind of work and the efficiencies that you can get out of the way that you lay out spaces that's something that has to be thoughtfully.

829
02:09:50.370 --> 02:09:50.730
Go ahead.

830
02:09:57.060 --> 02:09:57.510
Berok Khoshnevis: us.

831
02:10:01.380 --> 02:10:02.400
Daniel Inocente: Just to continue.

832
02:10:02.520 --> 02:10:13.110
Daniel Inocente: architectural considerations, you know we looked at a wide range of parameters for this kind of for this project, and this is what you see here in materialized in a configuration, which really tries to.

833
02:10:14.370 --> 02:10:22.680
Daniel Inocente: Make use of the internal volume centralize the space and also trying to distribute different things like line of sight communication.

834
02:10:22.920 --> 02:10:36.780
Daniel Inocente: airflow lighting control all of these different features, have to be integrated into the habitat and have to be you know well within reach, you have to make use of the space efficiently, but you also want to make sure that people have enough.

835
02:10:37.830 --> 02:10:42.840
Daniel Inocente: Up you know, mobility and ability to interact with each other in different ways.

836
02:10:43.950 --> 02:10:54.540
Daniel Inocente: In this case, where you see here, as you see a concept for kind of like a pod you know when you think about what does the bedroom look like for space architecture some concepts, they tried to create.

837
02:10:55.170 --> 02:11:10.800
Daniel Inocente: These units, where you have you know, like a typical bedroom unit like you would in a Manhattan laughter apartment but in space, because every cubic meter of volume is so valuable you really want to come up with a completely different idea and we try to do that here.

838
02:11:12.990 --> 02:11:23.190
Daniel Inocente: i'm going to skip through some of these, but I think structural analysis, you know, going back to the idea of integration is a very important one, here we looked at using fba analysis and.

839
02:11:23.640 --> 02:11:33.750
Daniel Inocente: Finding the stress lines in articulating those stress lines between the rigid frame, so that when you start to come up with the way that the straps would overlap because.

840
02:11:34.080 --> 02:11:46.590
Daniel Inocente: we're thinking about using backtrack straps, for example, for the structural layer they the directionality in the way that they deploy is extremely important, and you have to follow you know the stress lines very, very efficiently.

841
02:11:47.340 --> 02:12:02.370
Daniel Inocente: In the structural show that we looked at, you know when you look at examples of inflatable show structures, most of the time you're going to see just the structural and the pressure vessel they're exhibiting but on top of that, you also need the thermo.

842
02:12:04.170 --> 02:12:07.440
Daniel Inocente: sorry about that, on top of that, you also need the thermal protection.

843
02:12:08.130 --> 02:12:17.880
Daniel Inocente: You need mo D for micrometeorite impacts in all of that increases the thickness of the structural the material that makes up the external shell.

844
02:12:18.180 --> 02:12:27.390
Daniel Inocente: And so coming up with ways of packing all that material together is something that we looked at carefully but I won't talk about it too much in detail here.

845
02:12:28.680 --> 02:12:38.220
Daniel Inocente: power was another one, so we looked at what how much power would you need if you only dependent on solar energy, for example, you know you will need.

846
02:12:38.730 --> 02:12:46.950
Daniel Inocente: You will need a lot more surface area than you would, if you only dependent on on the fusion reactor, but at the same time, official reactor is also.

847
02:12:47.790 --> 02:12:57.960
Daniel Inocente: A smaller mass compared to the amount of TV PV panels, that you will need in the mass associated with that, and so you know there's trade offs that you can think of, yes, solar power is abundant.

848
02:12:58.260 --> 02:13:16.440
Daniel Inocente: If you're at the right altitude, but it's also less efficient in terms of how much material, you have to get there to be able to create that that power station, and of course radiation is a big factor here, and so we looked at how do we reinforce the structure, because inherently.

849
02:13:17.460 --> 02:13:25.440
Daniel Inocente: You know metal frame and and structural Shell technology only has so much radiation protection, so you have to reinforce it.

850
02:13:25.830 --> 02:13:33.600
Daniel Inocente: And we talked about you know, using is, are you to reinforce our habitats, and so we did do some studies on how you build a structure or shell.

851
02:13:34.200 --> 02:13:36.660
Daniel Inocente: Around the habitat and i'll show a little bit about that.

852
02:13:37.440 --> 02:13:44.940
Daniel Inocente: Next, slides life support is also very important, looking at what kinds of life support systems, you can include where they can be integrated.

853
02:13:45.210 --> 02:13:53.490
Daniel Inocente: Are they part of the you know the habitat permanent structure, or are they part of the Rack systems that get deployed after you know there's different ways of configuring.

854
02:13:53.820 --> 02:14:01.890
Daniel Inocente: Life support systems and, at the same time there's more advanced ways of thinking about life support like food production, for example.

855
02:14:02.310 --> 02:14:17.130
Daniel Inocente: And so, if you if you really want to advance those kinds of technologies, you know you have to have the right experts involved and that's what you have provided, and so this is a demonstration of what the unit looks like it's a fairly large structure to four story structure.

856
02:14:18.450 --> 02:14:34.020
Daniel Inocente: It inflates from eight meters to up to about 14 meter diameter and so that's a fairly large stretchy compared to other habitats are out there, but the amount of pressure, a volume is close to 600.

857
02:14:35.070 --> 02:14:44.490
Daniel Inocente: cubic meters and the habitable volume after we've extracted all the all the volume consumed by the racks in an equipment is about 390 cubic meters.

858
02:14:50.400 --> 02:14:57.150
Daniel Inocente: And so, when when you think about this kind of architecture like what would be the first habitable space architecture, you know.

859
02:14:57.660 --> 02:15:06.630
Daniel Inocente: In my, in our opinion, it needs to be a large structure that can host a wide range of activities, it needs to be able to enable future construction.

860
02:15:07.050 --> 02:15:15.360
Daniel Inocente: And those and those kinds of activities are long term, you know it takes time to build and so with the right habitat architecture.

861
02:15:15.660 --> 02:15:26.130
Daniel Inocente: You can really start to explore and make use of resources and build these kinds of structures that we're talking about whether they're underground or above ground and make use of.

862
02:15:26.610 --> 02:15:32.100
Daniel Inocente: Other technologies that can be more generative to help us define what the structure would look like.

863
02:15:33.000 --> 02:15:49.800
Daniel Inocente: You know, given the constraints like like mass thickness construction technique all these things have a huge role to play and what you see here is just an approach that we use to define, you know multiple objectives and look look for ways to articulate those geometries.

864
02:15:50.880 --> 02:15:56.370
Daniel Inocente: This is an illustration of how we envision construction happening over place over time.

865
02:15:56.970 --> 02:16:03.660
Daniel Inocente: But it does take a lot of a lot of infrastructure and so that, with the right infrastructure with the right transportation systems.

866
02:16:03.900 --> 02:16:10.950
Daniel Inocente: We can start to get these pieces of equipment and capabilities there, so we can build these structures, but at the same time.

867
02:16:11.280 --> 02:16:28.500
Daniel Inocente: You know habitat systems will need to be developed and they have to be integrated, we have to find you know, find a way to to think think of new architectural technologies that can make these habitats viable in the future so that's that's it for my talk.

868
02:16:31.980 --> 02:16:34.950
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much, Daniel so much to chew on.

869
02:16:35.340 --> 02:16:36.270
Daniel Inocente: yeah yeah.

870
02:16:36.510 --> 02:16:38.550
Madhu Thangavelu: Beautiful beautiful rendition.

871
02:16:39.600 --> 02:16:41.250
Madhu Thangavelu: I just made some notes.

872
02:16:42.390 --> 02:16:55.710
Madhu Thangavelu: Those solar panels need to go someplace else because in about a day, none of them will produce power because of all the shadows that come on there, even if you shine.

873
02:16:56.310 --> 02:17:14.130
Madhu Thangavelu: Even if you place them or maybe there are ways to do this, but it's it's wonderful you brought up some very important building issues, because you work at SOS Thank you Thank you so much, and I know that you experience these problems.

874
02:17:14.700 --> 02:17:16.050
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah run because.

875
02:17:17.100 --> 02:17:24.390
Madhu Thangavelu: We are a little bit late, but our next presenter is Giuseppe from mob.

876
02:17:25.980 --> 02:17:26.820
Madhu Thangavelu: Sydney.

877
02:17:28.260 --> 02:17:29.220
Madhu Thangavelu: Hello just a bit.

878
02:17:30.630 --> 02:17:35.490
Giuseppe Calabrese: Yes, not sure if it's the afternoon here it's 630 in the morning in Sydney Australia.

879
02:17:36.450 --> 02:17:40.380
Madhu Thangavelu: you're looking just good and ready to go and.

880
02:17:41.400 --> 02:17:54.330
Madhu Thangavelu: So we are moving from orbital habitat to learn our habitat and now we are slipping into interplanetary we are looking going start looking at marsh inhabitants glover.

881
02:17:55.890 --> 02:18:01.830
Giuseppe Calabrese: Thank you for for some amount of thanks you Thank you to the invite it's a it's a it's an honor to be here and it's a very exciting topic.

882
02:18:02.400 --> 02:18:07.290
Giuseppe Calabrese: Most of the presenters I now was lovely discovering new people and also.

883
02:18:08.280 --> 02:18:21.750
Giuseppe Calabrese: Being citing some of the professor's urine working my own work, because i'm now part of a mini consortium and reading all of your papers just know that there's on one of them and it's really interesting all the work that you produce, so thank you so much.

884
02:18:22.800 --> 02:18:24.810
Giuseppe Calabrese: Yes, so my name is just a brace it.

885
02:18:26.100 --> 02:18:27.660
Giuseppe Calabrese: Originally from Italy and.

886
02:18:28.140 --> 02:18:42.030
Giuseppe Calabrese: i'm currently in Sydney Australia and what I wanted to present today was a competition that I entered for the city design award winner I resulted, basically, the first winner of the basket picture section.

887
02:18:43.680 --> 02:18:44.820
Giuseppe Calabrese: So basically the.

888
02:18:46.110 --> 02:18:50.940
Giuseppe Calabrese: This competition was organized by Mars city design, which is another.

889
02:18:52.170 --> 02:19:11.280
Giuseppe Calabrese: red carpet innovation platform for any ideas to do with the with the red planet and the brief was sort of how to support sustainable as how to support human life on Mars, for a period of two years for nine astronauts and through sustainable produce farming.

890
02:19:12.840 --> 02:19:19.020
Giuseppe Calabrese: So everybody approaching in different way, and what I came up with was a structure.

891
02:19:20.820 --> 02:19:21.240
Giuseppe Calabrese: But.

892
02:19:22.410 --> 02:19:34.050
Giuseppe Calabrese: I think the design the design is never linear between eight it's it always goes in various various shapes and forms before are coming together what we had to use was.

893
02:19:34.530 --> 02:19:51.210
Giuseppe Calabrese: Software called smoke and smoke is it's a sort of a political it's a scalable interactive model of an off world community, and it has decades of nicer data so it's all incubated in this software and in this software, we had to choose.

894
02:19:52.320 --> 02:20:05.700
Giuseppe Calabrese: You know how much how much dry produce there was how many batteries what the crew quarters, were the greenhouse various sizes various parameters and, at the end, that would tell us you know you had.

895
02:20:06.750 --> 02:20:11.160
Giuseppe Calabrese: Nine green men or they're going to be nine of ready pain, at the end of the software, when I was running.

896
02:20:12.330 --> 02:20:17.280
Giuseppe Calabrese: So lots of lots of data had to be important inside of this software to.

897
02:20:18.540 --> 02:20:21.630
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, see if the mission was successful.

898
02:20:23.820 --> 02:20:30.180
Giuseppe Calabrese: I had a background in construction did a thesis and heritage and restoration in Italy and study of earth buildings.

899
02:20:31.080 --> 02:20:49.080
Giuseppe Calabrese: Also, published in that sector, and so my approach was rather than creating a beautiful structure was mostly to do it, I saw you so seeing what were the capabilities of the site so went through again lot of scientific papers and also.

900
02:20:50.340 --> 02:20:58.470
Giuseppe Calabrese: imagery so satellite imagery so until a perseverance will send us some physical samples of what is there, I went through.

901
02:21:00.240 --> 02:21:03.420
Giuseppe Calabrese: The papers of the professors that were presented.

902
02:21:04.740 --> 02:21:13.770
Giuseppe Calabrese: and published and what was interesting to see was this area in purple that came up, which was called snack tide now smack type.

903
02:21:14.970 --> 02:21:21.750
Giuseppe Calabrese: When I saw that I got really excited because it is a fantastic material to build with some particular clay.

904
02:21:22.350 --> 02:21:35.490
Giuseppe Calabrese: And with the experience in earth construction what I did is basically use this clay to form up some breaks in the bricks of course models list bricks that would just be a click to get in some sort of.

905
02:21:36.870 --> 02:21:42.090
Giuseppe Calabrese: Lego system, so the easiest approach would be the could just be a click together.

906
02:21:43.770 --> 02:21:44.940
Giuseppe Calabrese: Also.

907
02:21:46.050 --> 02:21:58.920
Giuseppe Calabrese: information regarding the as a professor said earlier about contract crafting and basically the printing different shapes that would be self self.

908
02:22:00.060 --> 02:22:03.360
Giuseppe Calabrese: able to sustain themselves without collapsing so.

909
02:22:06.060 --> 02:22:18.060
Giuseppe Calabrese: My speciality in architecture was in heritage and restoration and particularly the study of old structures, and so the newbie involves in this case, would be a perfect structure to.

910
02:22:19.830 --> 02:22:21.960
Giuseppe Calabrese: Self sustaining structure that doesn't need.

911
02:22:24.150 --> 02:22:38.220
Giuseppe Calabrese: A structure to hold it up so lots of studies have been done and being taken forward on the angles and the material, so my suggestion was to fallen out of the most of the papers was she was an angle of the 40 degrees.

912
02:22:41.370 --> 02:22:57.210
Giuseppe Calabrese: And so, of course, this is all using the snack tied for the for the building blocks of building blocks and for the printing of the the roof, with the belt and silicone material is a president on site, I think, came across.

913
02:22:59.400 --> 02:23:04.530
Giuseppe Calabrese: A physician named Michael Smith, is a 35 years experience in experience in Ai.

914
02:23:05.580 --> 02:23:20.160
Giuseppe Calabrese: and basically what he does is applying natural intelligence to the development of a regenerative agricultural systems in renewable energy and he's already done this on Planet Earth he's created what's called the green powerhouse system.

915
02:23:21.330 --> 02:23:26.970
Giuseppe Calabrese: Now this Green powerhouse system is actually it's quite sepsis a success story, and he.

916
02:23:28.020 --> 02:23:34.830
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, came up with this big system where waste gets transformed into.

917
02:23:35.850 --> 02:23:41.250
Giuseppe Calabrese: A series of byproducts byproducts which can be soil amendments.

918
02:23:43.020 --> 02:23:52.620
Giuseppe Calabrese: Energy electricity, and then we have biochar by a child's a particular material, where the microbes of the soil can live in.

919
02:23:53.790 --> 02:24:03.030
Giuseppe Calabrese: So the, the idea was for this competition not only to create a structure that was successful on Planet Earth, but also to create a structure that will be successful.

920
02:24:03.840 --> 02:24:18.210
Giuseppe Calabrese: Sorry, on Mars, but also to be successful on Planet Earth, because what the National Geographic has been studying is that we're in a situation where we have a soil depletion the soil depletion will be happening in around 60 years.

921
02:24:19.680 --> 02:24:28.650
Giuseppe Calabrese: Because of the population growth, basically, the we are producing trying to get from our soul as much progress as possible, so we are using.

922
02:24:28.980 --> 02:24:39.660
Giuseppe Calabrese: More herbicides pesticides, then we get super bugs and then we need more fertilizers so it's a vicious circle of the facility depletion unfortunately This cannot continue.

923
02:24:40.380 --> 02:24:50.490
Giuseppe Calabrese: And also, then we have extreme temperature changes also on Planet Earth, so this structure What it does is basically creates.

924
02:24:52.260 --> 02:24:57.720
Giuseppe Calabrese: A shelter for the greenhouses the greenhouses will be inserted inside of these.

925
02:24:58.890 --> 02:25:09.090
Giuseppe Calabrese: These buildings man out of regular regular blocks, all of this will employ robots and humans so real time telling robotic systems as prototype proposes.

926
02:25:09.780 --> 02:25:23.940
Giuseppe Calabrese: economical the viable a strategy for this martian system so co robots and robotic systems are designed and operated at real time using tiller robotics, and so this will be done all from planet from our planet.

927
02:25:24.840 --> 02:25:34.440
Giuseppe Calabrese: and basically we would send in the payload the ISIS cylinders, and then they'll open up inside the destruction, then maybe at the end.

928
02:25:35.160 --> 02:25:43.170
Giuseppe Calabrese: i'll just share a few seconds of video so you could see how all this operates, but you can see, on the bottom left image.

929
02:25:43.770 --> 02:25:58.380
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, these ISIS cylinders will slide inside these structures and then they will inflate and they will have already seeds inside, and so the seeds will sprout and when the astronauts arrive, they will already have.

930
02:25:59.880 --> 02:26:08.070
Giuseppe Calabrese: An amount of produce now with the same software, we couldn't simply put in whatever we wanted there was certain certain varieties of plants that we had to select.

931
02:26:08.820 --> 02:26:15.180
Giuseppe Calabrese: I went for certain types of plans that will not consuming too much water, for example, if I selected wheat.

932
02:26:15.960 --> 02:26:31.110
Giuseppe Calabrese: The wheat takes months to come to maturation and also utilizes a lot of water, so at the end of my nine astronauts will become read, so I went the selection was critical and went for more mostly a Mediterranean that.

933
02:26:32.370 --> 02:26:33.270
Giuseppe Calabrese: menu and.

934
02:26:34.380 --> 02:26:41.880
Giuseppe Calabrese: tagging, and so this was basically the the layout, as you can say for the nine people there's also a reputation.

935
02:26:43.020 --> 02:26:46.440
Giuseppe Calabrese: I mean, in a radio shack with God the surgical episodes, as you can see.

936
02:26:47.340 --> 02:26:54.450
Giuseppe Calabrese: Expansion was went up to 22 people in the bottom image, I also included in six because, of course, you need the pollination for the plans.

937
02:26:54.840 --> 02:27:01.020
Giuseppe Calabrese: And we need seat, so we need a Bank says, all of this will create supersedes because l seeds.

938
02:27:01.560 --> 02:27:06.900
Giuseppe Calabrese: We think we're trying to create something for Mars, but I think we need to think Mars is creating something for us.

939
02:27:07.260 --> 02:27:16.350
Giuseppe Calabrese: Because we will have a supersede to see that will be able to resist and sort of certain type of gravity radiation elimination, so it will be a very resistant seed.

940
02:27:16.770 --> 02:27:26.010
Giuseppe Calabrese: And once we get those seeds we plant them back on Planet Earth, we all have really boosted crop really resistant, so I see it the other way around.

941
02:27:27.270 --> 02:27:33.810
Giuseppe Calabrese: i'll just go through the next one, so what we'll go here on the left hand side of the images sort of this high where.

942
02:27:34.980 --> 02:27:46.530
Giuseppe Calabrese: I can see sort of some snowflakes which sort of fractal shapes that can be repeated, and of course the system had to be able to expand so radio roads that don't interfere with each other and.

943
02:27:47.640 --> 02:27:55.020
Giuseppe Calabrese: And, each with its own greenhouse green powerhouse so that, if one system fails, the call the rest keeps on keeps them moving forward.

944
02:27:56.130 --> 02:27:57.540
Giuseppe Calabrese: On the right hand corner.

945
02:27:59.850 --> 02:28:04.350
Giuseppe Calabrese: You can see basically the books are you can see the.

946
02:28:08.760 --> 02:28:09.390
screen.

947
02:28:11.910 --> 02:28:23.910
Giuseppe Calabrese: You can see the zero creator and basically the delta with the area of the Smith type, so the location of the buildings, the storage containers and then gradually I put all the solar farm, so we.

948
02:28:25.140 --> 02:28:40.170
Giuseppe Calabrese: We needed a huge amount of solar solar panels, to create the energy as a backup because not only those nuclear energy, the generator but also the calculations for the solar farm had to be done so there's a lot of science, a lot of papers that had to be read it was not just.

949
02:28:41.460 --> 02:28:42.990
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, pretty drawings.

950
02:28:44.940 --> 02:28:53.070
Giuseppe Calabrese: So you can see, basically, the the the layout of the whole system that protects from the radiation in the extreme cold.

951
02:28:55.350 --> 02:29:00.540
Giuseppe Calabrese: uniting cylinders Okay, so he would go to zoom in on the system.

952
02:29:01.830 --> 02:29:04.380
Giuseppe Calabrese: So pressurize there is none pressurized areas.

953
02:29:05.910 --> 02:29:22.410
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, the Center of the green powerhouse is got these race courses and these racecourses not they are not pressurized and then they link together, which are an area that is pressurized that contains all these greenhouse cylinders.

954
02:29:24.990 --> 02:29:31.140
Giuseppe Calabrese: The race, the race course as a six and they will be approximately 500 meter in depth.

955
02:29:32.880 --> 02:29:42.990
Giuseppe Calabrese: you'd be more details, of course, the newbie and bolts of the green powerhouse also they'll get 3D printed we've got a bus area for the photosynthetic call that is the first thing that will be mounted.

956
02:29:43.560 --> 02:29:54.210
Giuseppe Calabrese: A whole system that will it's already been demonstrated to be able to work and so it's just being all included and older because, basically, the whole system.

957
02:29:55.590 --> 02:30:01.320
Giuseppe Calabrese: there's plenty of space and heights so for maintenance and expansion of the units.

958
02:30:03.180 --> 02:30:10.620
Giuseppe Calabrese: Also did a lot of study in terms of heights and communication between all the the the the pods and transitional.

959
02:30:11.670 --> 02:30:22.260
Giuseppe Calabrese: Ways he can see the ISIS cylinder has also transparent covenants is very important because, not only are we are trying to get light from.

960
02:30:23.910 --> 02:30:27.900
Giuseppe Calabrese: from the sky, we also trying to use the solar collectors to.

961
02:30:29.010 --> 02:30:30.330
Giuseppe Calabrese: suffice for that.

962
02:30:32.160 --> 02:30:42.270
Giuseppe Calabrese: Lack of life so as you can see from bottom lifting inch the light will penetrate through the Center the glass and then it will go through the vs ISIS you know.

963
02:30:42.750 --> 02:30:53.730
Giuseppe Calabrese: So we're trying to use as much light, as we can and different sources of light and, of course, the the LEDs they don't need all the spectrum so they've been studies done and different types of.

964
02:30:54.810 --> 02:31:11.970
Giuseppe Calabrese: spectrum and the quantity of life that they need so inside, you can see, of course, the ISS cylinder that's been selected based on the the payload and the current missions what sizes, we haven't held all of the sun can expand.

965
02:31:14.040 --> 02:31:19.140
Giuseppe Calabrese: Of course here then we've got sections elevations and some images of the MARS blocks and.

966
02:31:19.860 --> 02:31:36.240
Giuseppe Calabrese: PICs of the board, I thought could be basically the robot and the robot has these different attachments so one would be a machine that as selects the snack tied, then it compresses it and compressing those blocks it microwaves it and then.

967
02:31:37.320 --> 02:31:49.050
Giuseppe Calabrese: This this, so we have another attachment with this is a hoist that sex all the bricks and then it has another attachment which mechanical arm and it 3D prints this new involved and.

968
02:31:51.150 --> 02:31:52.920
Giuseppe Calabrese: Basically, on the maternal robotics.

969
02:31:54.120 --> 02:32:02.820
Giuseppe Calabrese: Here we have other sections of the building and insidious ISIS cylinders, and how they link together with the produce and.

970
02:32:03.810 --> 02:32:18.510
Giuseppe Calabrese: The sizzle voice in the top right and getting getting that the construction on the way the bottom image is basically what I envisioned with all the dust storms that sometimes can last up to up to a year, and so this is structured eventually.

971
02:32:19.740 --> 02:32:27.240
Giuseppe Calabrese: These nubian bots will be covered and also part of the walls which will just to protect further from the radiation and micrometeorites.

972
02:32:28.680 --> 02:32:36.720
Giuseppe Calabrese: So this is some of us from the internals and you can see that the being the algal restful on the bottom left hand side.

973
02:32:37.830 --> 02:32:38.670
Giuseppe Calabrese: sectional.

974
02:32:40.470 --> 02:32:56.100
Giuseppe Calabrese: symmetric on the top left and the bottom is basically the summary of the competition that this application will have to be for not only for Mars, but also for for earth Sufis permitted i'll just do the video basically very, very few seconds.

975
02:32:58.920 --> 02:33:01.830
Giuseppe Calabrese: i'll just go through very few elements.

976
02:33:03.210 --> 02:33:03.690
Giuseppe Calabrese: Some.

977
02:33:06.840 --> 02:33:14.790
Giuseppe Calabrese: screen I wish it all, of course, because we don't have time I just going to go through basically the construction of the bricks by these.

978
02:33:19.110 --> 02:33:31.230
Giuseppe Calabrese: The the Rovers, and so the the basalt flooring, as you can see it's a 3D 3D printed and the photosynthetic core and with all the bricks basically a stacking up.

979
02:33:37.110 --> 02:33:40.650
Giuseppe Calabrese: So you can see that being formed all rights.

980
02:33:41.850 --> 02:33:55.200
Giuseppe Calabrese: And just fast forward to basically all the sections here that will have so how all this whole plan is organized with the very core of each section being independent from each other.

981
02:33:59.040 --> 02:34:00.690
Mahsa Esfand: The video we're not saying anything.

982
02:34:02.070 --> 02:34:03.900
Giuseppe Calabrese: All right, sorry for that.

983
02:34:04.290 --> 02:34:04.800
let's.

984
02:34:11.610 --> 02:34:13.050
Giuseppe Calabrese: just say that.

985
02:34:15.150 --> 02:34:15.360
Giuseppe Calabrese: Sorry.

986
02:34:16.530 --> 02:34:17.280
Giuseppe Calabrese: Can you see that.

987
02:34:18.600 --> 02:34:19.200
Giuseppe Calabrese: are right.

988
02:34:19.230 --> 02:34:20.220
So i'll just go.

989
02:34:21.570 --> 02:34:31.800
Giuseppe Calabrese: Back to here, just a few seconds so i'm not going to show i'm not going to go with the audio just so basically here we've got a the machinery.

990
02:34:32.820 --> 02:34:34.860
Giuseppe Calabrese: Of the robe is creating the 3D basalt.

991
02:34:35.910 --> 02:34:40.770
Giuseppe Calabrese: pod and then the machinery keeps on 3D printing it for a synthetic or at the Center.

992
02:34:42.060 --> 02:34:45.810
Giuseppe Calabrese: getting ready and then all the bricks information being created.

993
02:34:49.410 --> 02:34:50.790
Giuseppe Calabrese: So i'm just fast food.

994
02:34:53.040 --> 02:34:59.070
Giuseppe Calabrese: So here we've got basically the Center and all the various parts and how they are formed and what their role is and.

995
02:35:00.120 --> 02:35:09.060
Giuseppe Calabrese: The machinery, then lifting up all the blocks and creating all the structure will protect the ISIS cylinders from the extreme weather temperatures and.

996
02:35:10.830 --> 02:35:14.670
Giuseppe Calabrese: Then, here we have the attachment creating the 3D by South.

997
02:35:16.500 --> 02:35:24.660
Giuseppe Calabrese: roof, and the solar penetration solar collectors and I think with this probably conclude and.

998
02:35:26.490 --> 02:35:34.950
Giuseppe Calabrese: leave it to the next speaker is I don't want to take too much time, but thanks so much for having me and I look forward to also the future presenters.

999
02:35:36.090 --> 02:35:47.940
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you JP your presentation is fine, and we are running late, but you know what I could see this for a long time to it because it's so beautiful.

1000
02:35:48.390 --> 02:36:09.420
Madhu Thangavelu: And all of us, I think, Daniel said it clearly up front, the environmental impacts and environmental stressors they're really stressors will condition, many of our designs and so we need to pay more attention to what the environmental.

1001
02:36:10.710 --> 02:36:28.950
Madhu Thangavelu: Conditions are both on the moon MARS and my favorite places titan so all of those places Thank you so much, and I wanted to, I want to all of you know you said pay is a violinist so you, you were asked him about that later Thank you so much, we are off to.

1002
02:36:29.100 --> 02:36:29.430
Giuseppe Calabrese: off.

1003
02:36:30.390 --> 02:36:37.110
Madhu Thangavelu: We are off to Paris now to listen to Jim rowan and Jim are you with us.

1004
02:36:37.860 --> 02:36:39.450
Jim Rhon?: Yes, yes, yes, yes Hello Mary.

1005
02:36:39.450 --> 02:36:43.380
Madhu Thangavelu: Oh, my goodness we have we have very sorry we are running a little late Jim but.

1006
02:36:43.530 --> 02:36:53.160
Jim Rhon?: Please, no, thank you, thank you for inviting us, I know john that is part of the team is so one one of your students so it's it's a great pleasure to be here.

1007
02:36:53.910 --> 02:37:07.590
Jim Rhon?: Good morning, good morning everyone good day and maybe good evening wherever you are today, so my name is Jim ronnie and lead designer at interested I love and i'm going to present what we are doing currently.

1008
02:37:08.820 --> 02:37:10.200
Jim Rhon?: Let me share my screen.

1009
02:37:11.310 --> 02:37:14.760
Madhu Thangavelu: Go for it, how is the weather in party are you still wearing masks.

1010
02:37:15.780 --> 02:37:21.840
Jim Rhon?: it's yeah unfortunately to wear a mask and not going better those days, oh yeah.

1011
02:37:21.960 --> 02:37:23.970
Madhu Thangavelu: Oh it's going to get better Jim just wait.

1012
02:37:24.930 --> 02:37:25.680
Jim Rhon?: yeah yeah.

1013
02:37:27.810 --> 02:37:28.350
Jim Rhon?: All right.

1014
02:37:28.620 --> 02:37:30.180
Jim Rhon?: Can you guys see my screen.

1015
02:37:33.510 --> 02:37:34.680
Jim Rhon?: Yes, all right.

1016
02:37:36.090 --> 02:37:37.290
Jim Rhon?: um.

1017
02:37:38.580 --> 02:37:57.690
Jim Rhon?: So yeah so to get into what we're doing at tesla lab so we were designing and building pads for sustainable living on earth space, so a bit more precisely, we are developing space great environmentally control modules to grow food, while reading reciting air, water and waste.

1018
02:37:59.430 --> 02:38:17.190
Jim Rhon?: The so when it when we get to the to the strategy about the the whole construct the system we are designing the module so that they can actually be operated as autonomous and standard unfolds as that's what is he on the picture every single unit, because I actually work by by itself.

1019
02:38:18.420 --> 02:38:28.470
Jim Rhon?: They also can be played together in order to form a complete the bios, and so what we call any values is it stands for experimental by your regeneration station.

1020
02:38:28.980 --> 02:38:36.990
Jim Rhon?: So it's a combination of difference, you need that together form a closed loop environments that are able to sustain the life for up to 10 people.

1021
02:38:37.920 --> 02:38:49.530
Jim Rhon?: And these these different genius, as I said, our time with Dell playing with with Alex to the central piece in order to prevent any contamination between the differentiation.

1022
02:38:50.610 --> 02:38:58.980
Jim Rhon?: So, to get into the functionality of each of them, we first have a an hour 20 minutes, which is where we're going to dedicate.

1023
02:38:59.610 --> 02:39:08.520
Jim Rhon?: The guy be dedicated to the food production, many so that's where we're going to have all the frames and towers that are going to grow fruits, vegetables and leafy Greens.

1024
02:39:10.140 --> 02:39:20.490
Jim Rhon?: You then have the the greenhouse units also passing into the to the food production, since that's the place where we're going to be growing trees, mostly for free to production.

1025
02:39:20.970 --> 02:39:31.410
Jim Rhon?: But it's so slow and so very much related to the psychological needs of the crew when when actually running the mission to get a glimpse of what earth actually looks like.

1026
02:39:32.700 --> 02:39:50.430
Jim Rhon?: When we then switch to the treatment unit that's where the human waste and under inedible parts from the preparation are going to be collected so that's where the blackberries and into into portable water with a lot of integration, probably reverses for this as well.

1027
02:39:51.990 --> 02:39:58.950
Jim Rhon?: and also the way we actually turn waste waste human human waste story in through nutrient solution.

1028
02:40:01.320 --> 02:40:16.770
Jim Rhon?: You don't have the habitat units that's where most of the daily life of the crew is going to happen bedrooms and eateries kitchen the training and sports as well this place, probably going to be 3D printed by the difference for the rest of the other part.

1029
02:40:18.390 --> 02:40:26.460
Jim Rhon?: Because then have the circulation units, so there are two two main ones, the chameleon which is able to connect to another station.

1030
02:40:27.240 --> 02:40:36.720
Jim Rhon?: Again, the the main goal of this design is is could be modular but also very easily deployable and scalable So the idea is to be able to plug.

1031
02:40:37.380 --> 02:40:53.610
Jim Rhon?: Different different clinics like nice like this and be able to, in the end grow a kind of a kind of a CD and you then have them the left the the small entrance, which is a dedicated unit to access the station or to add when you want to go into in situ exploration.

1032
02:40:57.120 --> 02:41:06.210
Jim Rhon?: Last but not least, yeah the connector so the mission control unit so it's the masterpiece of the of the of the whole stations.

1033
02:41:06.990 --> 02:41:24.030
Jim Rhon?: Is the connector so inside the inside, that party going to have a whole area dedicated to mission control, a lot of screens actually gathering data coming from all the different units to other kind of a global overview what's happening in the station, even though all the pods are autonomous.

1034
02:41:25.170 --> 02:41:34.530
Jim Rhon?: So you have every every single entrance of this connector are like standardized like that you can answer you can actually arrange everything.

1035
02:41:38.760 --> 02:41:47.820
Jim Rhon?: So now, let me, let me deep dive a bit more into it, what we're really doing right now, which is the development of our first unit that we call the diapers.

1036
02:41:48.570 --> 02:41:53.370
Jim Rhon?: it's an add on the greenhouse and food production modules is the one that you saw in the in the previous slides.

1037
02:41:54.270 --> 02:42:08.730
Jim Rhon?: There are going to be two different variables different sizes bigger one which is the one we're going to use for for you by us and a smaller one that we actually now using for for testing prototyping and and also developing on on there's for us application.

1038
02:42:10.740 --> 02:42:16.980
Jim Rhon?: For the first goal of what we're doing right now is actually being able to recreate a very small environment.

1039
02:42:18.930 --> 02:42:23.490
Jim Rhon?: So that the envelope of the of the value part is composed of two of two main parts.

1040
02:42:24.030 --> 02:42:32.550
Jim Rhon?: We first have a composite base ultralight and resistance that's where all the systems are going to be to be sitting, and on top of that other stuff man rain.

1041
02:42:33.210 --> 02:42:44.940
Jim Rhon?: That is air air support it, so we just slightly over pressure inside the interest of this membrane is is made of a high performance materials, always a very good installation properties.

1042
02:42:45.510 --> 02:42:55.170
Jim Rhon?: it's made of two different materials, one that enables to have a total openness and the other one to get as much light as possible, so very with a very high transmittance.

1043
02:42:57.510 --> 02:43:15.510
Jim Rhon?: The once we actually managed to get these are the seal seal environment, the it was the largest engineering side so everything related to the case, the, the reason why we decided to have this composite basis, which will be able to see all the all the hardware and systems in it.

1044
02:43:17.220 --> 02:43:27.120
Jim Rhon?: So, in the end, when you want to run this closed loop environment, you are actually trying to balance the lights recycling, the air and the water so that's where we're going to add the closed loop water treatment systems.

1045
02:43:27.810 --> 02:43:33.300
Jim Rhon?: To make sure that every single drop of water that you actually bring in the bio pod is.

1046
02:43:34.140 --> 02:43:44.160
Jim Rhon?: is used for the club grows on me, so we have system that liable to feel trace or even creation mostly and then the humidifiers, of course.

1047
02:43:44.610 --> 02:43:55.200
Jim Rhon?: To caps to capture the water in the air and get it back into the system we have our autonomous nutrient design system that is also in the in the composite base.

1048
02:43:55.740 --> 02:44:06.270
Jim Rhon?: and on top of the of these of these a like a hardware hardware part of the race for access where you're going to be sitting there planning system i'm going to get back on that a bit later.

1049
02:44:07.200 --> 02:44:20.190
Jim Rhon?: But we that's where we can add the the led lighting system that are actually playing with the with the same night that we get i'm trying to balance the light inside the Dome that we know so that we get the optimized life for the property.

1050
02:44:21.420 --> 02:44:38.430
Jim Rhon?: And last but not least, we have the advanced atmospheric system that is making sure that we get a proper balance between also CO2 and natural gem and we're actually playing with with your to to boost as well to to get the maximum yield from the club.

1051
02:44:41.190 --> 02:44:43.590
Jim Rhon?: So getting back to the to the cross.

1052
02:44:44.970 --> 02:44:56.820
Jim Rhon?: Once we managed to actually create this in membrane plus having this checklist is running the next step is actually trying to develop the technology that are going to.

1053
02:44:57.690 --> 02:45:15.840
Jim Rhon?: Like that will allow us to to to get across, and so we are basically using high pressure opening systems for vegetable and if it wins and it's a big greenhouse that will allow us was more trees for food production and all these as a controlled environment, agriculture.

1054
02:45:20.250 --> 02:45:33.390
Jim Rhon?: That leads me to to provide that inside the valuables within a lot of sensors and controllers and that combination, will allow us to get to get to precision, agriculture and predictive monitoring.

1055
02:45:34.410 --> 02:45:43.440
Jim Rhon?: Knowing that we are the very data driven approach, so our biologists are actually testing, a lot of cross right now in a smaller version of these burdens.

1056
02:45:43.740 --> 02:45:54.150
Jim Rhon?: Just to get the proper data on the yield on the specific condition that we need to grow this distance issue and that that acquisition will be combined with.

1057
02:45:55.020 --> 02:46:06.240
Jim Rhon?: Ai decision making and then i'm very control system, to make sure that we are actually able to grow, the specific plans inside the Dome with the right kind of conditioning.

1058
02:46:08.610 --> 02:46:16.620
Jim Rhon?: In the end, all these all these properties from the diapers will allow us to save a lot of water and making sure that, as I was saying, like.

1059
02:46:17.040 --> 02:46:27.210
Jim Rhon?: The single drop when put in the system will be used for the credit goes to boost he'll, of course, as compared to traditional agriculture will be able to grow crops.

1060
02:46:28.050 --> 02:46:42.510
Jim Rhon?: Every day, every day of the year and in the empty synergy, since the human brain we're actually developing will allow us to really to prevent to prevent as much as possible exchanges between between the external environment and the inside.

1061
02:46:45.540 --> 02:46:56.010
Jim Rhon?: So, apart from the from the hardware, we are developing, we are of course the main that with with a software approach so Ai decision making, was part of it and.

1062
02:46:57.000 --> 02:47:03.630
Jim Rhon?: We also developing the interface that gonna be going to allow us to run the w pad.

1063
02:47:04.200 --> 02:47:18.570
Jim Rhon?: So the first part of this software is going to be a dashboard where do we get all the data coming from the sensors and the controller I just to make sure you know it's kind of mission control as well just to make sure that everything is running properly and that's also and then.

1064
02:47:19.620 --> 02:47:33.300
Jim Rhon?: And then the second part is the crops director, so there are software engineers are working on the on a specific algorithm that actually scheduling planning and optimizing the crowd management.

1065
02:47:33.810 --> 02:47:48.930
Jim Rhon?: Just to make sure that we satisfy the nutritional needs for a specific amount of people on the crew over a certain period of time, so what you see on the screen is a small inside of that and the Cross elixir should that should be really the producer.

1066
02:47:51.810 --> 02:48:05.580
Jim Rhon?: And he just to get back through to the original mission and vision that we have our other intestinal lab so the we believe that's what we are trying to develop will contribute to.

1067
02:48:06.750 --> 02:48:15.480
Jim Rhon?: To to create sustainable living system, either, it is for a start growing the next generation of farmers on earth.

1068
02:48:16.740 --> 02:48:35.940
Jim Rhon?: or in a couple of years i've been part of the Artemis program and contribute to to build a sustainable Mondays or she dedicates from now being able to to contribute to to make the human MC MC planetary species that steelers you're thinking about about yours.

1069
02:48:36.960 --> 02:48:40.020
Jim Rhon?: that's it that's it for me, thank you very much.

1070
02:48:41.970 --> 02:48:50.550
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much, Jim my it's a pleasure to see, finally, that we have come down to Planet Earth and.

1071
02:48:51.750 --> 02:49:05.250
Madhu Thangavelu: This is a good reminder for all of us, one of the duties of the space architect is also to reflect on our population on our species on earth.

1072
02:49:05.730 --> 02:49:16.290
Madhu Thangavelu: about what it is that we are doing out there, looking out into space and creating all these magical things which are in prison but it's very important.

1073
02:49:16.920 --> 02:49:29.280
Madhu Thangavelu: To bring that down to earth and make it happen, the only thing I would say, Jim is that I have a hunch that if you're going to do this underground you're going to save a lot of energy okay.

1074
02:49:29.850 --> 02:49:30.450
Madhu Thangavelu: So much.

1075
02:49:30.690 --> 02:49:31.320
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much.

1076
02:49:32.430 --> 02:49:32.880
Jim Rhon?: Thank you.

1077
02:49:33.390 --> 02:49:33.810
and

1078
02:49:44.700 --> 02:49:45.450
Mahsa Esfand: We can't hear you.

1079
02:49:48.840 --> 02:49:50.370
Madhu Thangavelu: You didn't hear anything I said.

1080
02:49:51.540 --> 02:49:53.220
Mahsa Esfand: and not after.

1081
02:49:54.600 --> 02:49:54.840
Mahsa Esfand: him.

1082
02:49:56.160 --> 02:49:56.790
Madhu Thangavelu: go over.

1083
02:50:14.160 --> 02:50:15.090
Mahsa Esfand: see my screen.

1084
02:50:16.440 --> 02:50:16.920
Yes.

1085
02:50:20.370 --> 02:50:26.880
Mahsa Esfand: Hello everyone i'm as I found nobody in i'm really happy to be here today with you.

1086
02:50:28.380 --> 02:50:29.280
Mahsa Esfand: So.

1087
02:50:30.360 --> 02:50:50.460
Mahsa Esfand: A little bit about myself, is that I have undergrad of architecture and then masters of architecture, I have another masters asked historical studies of Middle Eastern architecture and, finally, I ended up in masters of earthquakes architecture at six and i'm currently.

1088
02:50:52.140 --> 02:51:02.100
Mahsa Esfand: Doing three volunteer jobs, one of them is i'm director and Secretary national space society of North Houston i'm capital for in drs.

1089
02:51:02.490 --> 02:51:09.210
Mahsa Esfand: And i'm judged for each phrase for challenge which is which I really encourage you to court is rated is really, really interesting.

1090
02:51:09.900 --> 02:51:24.090
Mahsa Esfand: And today i'm going to present what I have done things our way Dr Yvonne Yvonne Professor Kennedy work with her tubes and what i've done with social valentino's to me at MIT media lab.

1091
02:51:26.310 --> 02:51:28.260
Madhu Thangavelu: Some of them are listening in Melissa.

1092
02:51:28.770 --> 02:51:30.900
Mahsa Esfand: yeah I know I saw Valentina and.

1093
02:51:30.930 --> 02:51:32.250
Madhu Thangavelu: First, or katie she is.

1094
02:51:34.650 --> 02:51:42.390
Mahsa Esfand: So when we're talking about greenhouse Why exactly do we mean I thought that we have six listen that if we can find a.

1095
02:51:42.930 --> 02:51:50.220
Mahsa Esfand: solution or answer to these questions, we can somehow Center where we think, to the point that we can really say we have.

1096
02:51:51.090 --> 02:52:00.570
Mahsa Esfand: Finally, caught off to the solution of greenhouses I so one of them is far we're really going to grow bit, the answer to this was intact crews daily menu.

1097
02:52:01.110 --> 02:52:15.120
Mahsa Esfand: And then power going to grow them, and the answer to that would be a how that after we grow everything we're going to turn it into food excellent and what is the post harvesting process, and then I didn't.

1098
02:52:16.740 --> 02:52:29.190
Mahsa Esfand: Wear exactly we're going to grow these plants and the answer, for that would be the greenhouse or or an environment which needs enough human factors, so that you can enjoy that environment to.

1099
02:52:30.420 --> 02:52:36.960
Mahsa Esfand: ride bernie's corresponds into three categories assumptions systems and architecture.

1100
02:52:39.270 --> 02:52:51.510
Mahsa Esfand: So I was very curious about this time instead of police agencies have provided, as you can see into stable, there are different platforms different place agencies have provided.

1101
02:52:53.430 --> 02:53:00.630
Mahsa Esfand: I have different clients lives by the end of the slides I can show you, but if you wanted main circumstances to.

1102
02:53:01.590 --> 02:53:20.400
Mahsa Esfand: pay for below that NASA has said that they have three different kinds of plant flowers, they have a minimal which you can see here, which has 13 plants, and then they have a moderate pipelines, which is about 20 plans, and then we have the dinner is one which is 36.

1103
02:53:21.900 --> 02:53:31.500
Mahsa Esfand: So i'm curious and what exactly is the difference between these all went through to all the plans and are found out that there's a huge cultural difference and.

1104
02:53:31.920 --> 02:53:39.960
Mahsa Esfand: Diversity spirit of, for example, if you can see, the US, but even in the smallest in the minimal.

1105
02:53:40.680 --> 02:54:01.830
Mahsa Esfand: finalists they have four different types of grain in there, who died for the astronauts budge, for example, Russia has just want, and this, for example, is it increases the six winner providing more variety of plants, but the only sign Canada they're providing to so I thought that.

1106
02:54:03.240 --> 02:54:12.570
Mahsa Esfand: Maybe just one ultimate plan plus is not the answer to everything that we can say hey if we grow to 10 finalists they can have enough food.

1107
02:54:14.520 --> 02:54:19.710
Mahsa Esfand: And then, then I was curious at Okay, for example, if you want to grow potato and tomato and.

1108
02:54:20.880 --> 02:54:31.770
Mahsa Esfand: from, for example, I need, and the same time, wheat and rice they're not going to read in the same pot, so I thought that, since we if we have the fruit of.

1109
02:54:32.520 --> 02:54:43.230
Mahsa Esfand: Including diversity, we need to have the diversity in our design tool So the first thing that needs diversity is the platform, the left, you can see, one of the proposals that we did.

1110
02:54:44.520 --> 02:54:46.800
Mahsa Esfand: For one of the papers but.

1111
02:54:48.570 --> 02:54:56.340
Mahsa Esfand: After the size of the plan posh how many parts, do we really need there is a study from NASA report which said that.

1112
02:54:57.360 --> 02:55:07.590
Mahsa Esfand: If we want to provide 60% of the food from the plans or they died, which is 2700 kilocalories they need 46.5.

1113
02:55:07.950 --> 02:55:18.870
Mahsa Esfand: Of course, leader of cultivation area for one person, which means that if we want to have four crew over there, that would be 500 square meter of cultivation area with.

1114
02:55:19.650 --> 02:55:38.730
Mahsa Esfand: For example, if we wanted to have the same plot plot, it means that we need 1784 plan plan to provide this must have food so it's not something very small it's not something that you can probably it in a teeny tiny inflatable or even in a hard shell.

1115
02:55:40.560 --> 02:55:47.040
Mahsa Esfand: So what can we do, one of the things that I was searching is that.

1116
02:55:48.330 --> 02:55:54.300
Mahsa Esfand: There is a photo treasure in living zone area that we need to.

1117
02:55:55.170 --> 02:56:08.340
Mahsa Esfand: provide for the habitat zones, but this is really happening, the same thing for an appliance it says that no plants really don't care what pressure is going on around them, as long as the partial pressure of CO2 and other gases are.

1118
02:56:08.820 --> 02:56:19.950
Mahsa Esfand: The way that they want they really don't care so if we lower the pressure of the environment, the plans are living through, for example, 56.5, which is the perimeter of the.

1119
02:56:21.330 --> 02:56:41.130
Mahsa Esfand: Rover or even 61, which is the pressure of diocese when they want to go for a va that will reduce the pressure in half, which means that we can reduce them the launching mass less than a half and then it means that we can have a larger inflatables structure that we can have more plan.

1120
02:56:43.140 --> 02:56:56.610
Mahsa Esfand: So, how would that affect the whole greenhouse and through idea I I was checking how long crew spend every day for their surface missions.

1121
02:56:58.020 --> 02:57:06.600
Mahsa Esfand: In NASA admission scenario, so there are two scenarios which says that in the one that you can say in top, there are three.

1122
02:57:08.070 --> 02:57:16.170
Mahsa Esfand: scenarios that when through wants to go to the va they start from 101 to Pascal and then they.

1123
02:57:17.040 --> 02:57:25.800
Mahsa Esfand: There is a 20 minutes of 6.5 and then the pressure reduced significantly and then they go to eBay they come back to the.

1124
02:57:26.610 --> 02:57:41.040
Mahsa Esfand: For example, the air logged in they go back and forth, there is another scenario that status will lower the pressure they go for eight hours over the years and four hours of the va and then they come back so I thought that.

1125
02:57:42.240 --> 02:57:42.750
Mahsa Esfand: When we're.

1126
02:57:43.800 --> 02:57:51.900
Mahsa Esfand: When we're discussing the rail boring, the pressure of the environment, as you can see in the lower diagram if you lower the pressure of the greenhouse of 56.5.

1127
02:57:52.260 --> 02:57:55.920
Mahsa Esfand: This seven hour and 20 minutes or four hour 40 minutes and they're.

1128
02:57:56.460 --> 02:58:10.770
Mahsa Esfand: wasting their time in their air lock my despairing in the world and doing nothing, they can spend the time in the greenhouse and the greenhouse, which already has that mass production and is very bigger and so on, so, while we're not using.

1129
02:58:13.770 --> 02:58:14.100
Mahsa Esfand: Ben then.

1130
02:58:15.360 --> 02:58:26.820
Mahsa Esfand: After this proposal we me and Dr bonnie what we were thinking that okay if we're, including the crew inside of the greenhouse what will happen so.

1131
02:58:27.450 --> 02:58:42.810
Mahsa Esfand: This is a whole greenhouse and food module the rest of the result system that you can see, these are the systems that we usually include in a greenhouse module what we're missing is that food processing system Okay, we understand which we harvested.

1132
02:58:44.460 --> 02:58:51.720
Mahsa Esfand: Right we're what's going to happen next, how is that going to turn into a food, so we need to put processing system to go through.

1133
02:58:52.260 --> 02:59:01.500
Mahsa Esfand: Primary process that can reprocess and so on, and turn it into efficient, so that they can use it later on prod I would impact the whole design process, this is the.

1134
02:59:02.160 --> 02:59:18.570
Mahsa Esfand: This is these to read one or two are the impacts of having a post harvesting process and this black water is in fact of having the crew inside of the greenhouse module for that the va Todd if they want to use the restroom or if they wanted, I mean they're producing some.

1135
02:59:19.860 --> 02:59:20.580
Mahsa Esfand: Black way.

1136
02:59:22.200 --> 02:59:26.970
Mahsa Esfand: This is the diagram that shows how things distribution between.

1137
02:59:28.080 --> 02:59:34.890
Mahsa Esfand: Four and inflatable when we're just providing water in tower and air through the airlock what will happen after.

1138
02:59:35.670 --> 02:59:45.690
Mahsa Esfand: So, as you can see lots of the main system to be inside of the core because they need to have some pretty integrations and the installation of those are.

1139
02:59:46.050 --> 03:00:01.680
Mahsa Esfand: Probably very hard, but most of the stuff that are very volumetric Lee consumed me volume consumable and they need to say in inflatable like an imposter they're very, very lord and we can I really put them inside of the core.

1140
03:00:04.050 --> 03:00:12.300
Mahsa Esfand: So we have inflatable and we have it, for what are the design options, as you can see, in top where we have.

1141
03:00:13.440 --> 03:00:29.640
Mahsa Esfand: found in the previous studies that most of the designer face on four different types mushroom tours and to peddle versions and, as you can see from this this table that each of these designs, it has some.

1142
03:00:30.660 --> 03:00:34.950
Mahsa Esfand: pros and cons, so if it all version is very, very good.

1143
03:00:35.550 --> 03:00:54.240
Mahsa Esfand: When they're when they are operating hibernating or in case of emergency so most of the designer we see on the barn on the market or understudies they're just talking about the operation mode window greenhouses working hundred percent but what will happen if something happens.

1144
03:00:55.980 --> 03:01:03.000
Mahsa Esfand: If we have some fatal error in the system if that happens in torrance, for example, is measured.

1145
03:01:04.140 --> 03:01:18.510
Mahsa Esfand: In hertz or penetrates the inflatable we're done the pressure is lost, and we lose all the crops immediately the same thing somehow happened to the Marshal to whatever the pedals is something attacks the.

1146
03:01:19.470 --> 03:01:32.670
Mahsa Esfand: inflatable and pedals we don't lose the other ones, we still have one, but on the other hand, for example, mushroom one in very, very good in deployment and it's very, very mobile off so.

1147
03:01:33.690 --> 03:01:44.400
Mahsa Esfand: We were thinking, how we found the answer to greenhouse design, it seems that no because me if you look at the mission scenarios and NASA provides there are.

1148
03:01:44.400 --> 03:01:45.420
Mahsa Esfand: different kinds.

1149
03:01:45.900 --> 03:01:55.260
Mahsa Esfand: So they so far they have proposed three missions, which is exploration within science mission and the, for example, actual living missions.

1150
03:01:55.590 --> 03:02:10.740
Mahsa Esfand: So if we are thinking about having the exploration mission mission would be very good, because we can simply put it on a Rover and we can turn take that greenhouse everywhere we want, and we can test and see if those blinds are growing well over there, or not.

1151
03:02:11.820 --> 03:02:17.670
Mahsa Esfand: And when we don't have actual, for example, is, are you printed.

1152
03:02:18.360 --> 03:02:28.770
Mahsa Esfand: sentence field over the surface, maybe the pedals are really good, because they are really good at emergency and down lower and risk for the forest, they have the highest.

1153
03:02:29.490 --> 03:02:42.630
Mahsa Esfand: The ratio of usable area comparing to the other one, so if we really reached the level that we can have a settlement, and we can have the 3D printed shelter for us, would be the best answer.

1154
03:02:45.600 --> 03:02:59.160
Mahsa Esfand: The next, though, we found Okay, who wanted the approximate design that we really want man doctors to meaning we're thinking that okay all that children going to happen.

1155
03:02:59.610 --> 03:03:08.790
Mahsa Esfand: And we're thinking about how we can use the historical structures and historical monuments and views those aspects under.

1156
03:03:09.930 --> 03:03:24.930
Mahsa Esfand: Under with new approaches, so we found out that most of the domes that we see in the proposal, there are usually as calls in here surface those, these are the Persian Dome divided in I mean categorize and different.

1157
03:03:26.700 --> 03:03:36.270
Mahsa Esfand: Based on their structures so who were thinking that there are lots of similarity we have a paper and presentation on that in about two weeks and.

1158
03:03:36.870 --> 03:03:52.620
Mahsa Esfand: said, there are lots of bath houses and a desert areas of Iran and in India old middle lister and then they're using the ribs dolan's and disrupter the greenhouses and they're all chelation and their.

1159
03:03:53.970 --> 03:04:10.380
Mahsa Esfand: Their similarities to the greenhouse or we can have them on Mars is very, very hot, so we were thinking, why we cannot, we cannot use the route ones, I mean, are there any preference from the surface Dome Dome to the report.

1160
03:04:12.150 --> 03:04:29.370
Mahsa Esfand: So we thought that, in the 3D printing process and the every as Vittorio was saying yeah 3D printers are very dumb so if we can do with us, we can make a doom in a in a very, very basic way that people are doing it in Middle East for thousands of.

1161
03:04:30.750 --> 03:04:33.030
Mahsa Esfand: thousands of years, what do I mean the oldest.

1162
03:04:34.260 --> 03:04:43.980
Mahsa Esfand: adobe software and neither one is about 4000 years, so if we can really find out how they built it and how it survived would be solution for us to.

1163
03:04:44.790 --> 03:04:49.140
Mahsa Esfand: So this is the report, as you can see, so the only problem your.

1164
03:04:49.650 --> 03:05:04.470
Mahsa Esfand: problem with the roadblock is having bad mold underneath and then you put the brakes on top, and then, so the ribs are mean and the barriers of the whole treasure and disrupter and then you feel between the roof with whatever method and URL that you can talk.

1165
03:05:05.910 --> 03:05:07.890
Mahsa Esfand: So we start our story with.

1166
03:05:09.300 --> 03:05:24.210
Mahsa Esfand: Five of the artists, that we have in Persian studies that are neither does 30 samples of the of the artists that we usually you can find them in pairs in regions would pick this fine and then we started.

1167
03:05:26.190 --> 03:05:39.240
Mahsa Esfand: Doing i'm a designing patterns and nodes and wrath of her to see if we can come up to the idea that how, for example, what how many numbers of these reads would be the answer or.

1168
03:05:39.510 --> 03:05:54.300
Mahsa Esfand: What kind of patterns define a dare connecting together that it affects the, as you can see the middle circle in the middle of that the opening of the Dome which of these would be better idea for our project.

1169
03:05:55.380 --> 03:06:05.370
Mahsa Esfand: This is another I mean the elevation of the rib build out that the different kinds of patterns affect the opening of the top.

1170
03:06:07.140 --> 03:06:24.420
Mahsa Esfand: And then these artists evolutions of the Dome Dev we capture that, as I mentioned before we're thinking about lowering the pressure so you can see different colors if you notice the numbers underneath wi fi to simulate with Mars regulars and with different.

1171
03:06:25.560 --> 03:06:28.590
Mahsa Esfand: In our pressure with different don't.

1172
03:06:31.470 --> 03:06:31.920
Mahsa Esfand: there.

1173
03:06:32.940 --> 03:06:38.940
Mahsa Esfand: In the deformation did you see is that because we turned on the.

1174
03:06:42.060 --> 03:06:44.130
Mahsa Esfand: mica see.

1175
03:06:45.210 --> 03:06:46.590
Mahsa Esfand: I forgot the word.

1176
03:06:49.650 --> 03:07:03.660
Mahsa Esfand: I really forgot to to to see what is exactly how adults, the return under the deformation to see how these are grapes will change and how we can control them if a real one to.

1177
03:07:05.940 --> 03:07:06.630
Mahsa Esfand: Make it.

1178
03:07:08.010 --> 03:07:10.560
Mahsa Esfand: more practical for to mark.

1179
03:07:11.940 --> 03:07:13.050
Mahsa Esfand: These are different time.

1180
03:07:14.310 --> 03:07:21.330
Mahsa Esfand: they're very, very interesting individuals and, as you can see the differentiation is really interesting.

1181
03:07:30.750 --> 03:07:40.260
Mahsa Esfand: they're all using the same sound, but because of because we're using different types of artists, the height of them are different, so this fan of all of them are the same.

1182
03:07:41.370 --> 03:08:00.990
Mahsa Esfand: But what's the result in here that you can see the arches and different heights and this and that is just similar for these you can see in this table in this far, that they connect together in some points, and it was really, really interesting that what will happen, and these points.

1183
03:08:03.090 --> 03:08:06.150
Mahsa Esfand: It saying that when we are having your lower pressure.

1184
03:08:07.530 --> 03:08:23.460
Mahsa Esfand: This is the hemisphere walk me where is working really, really good and comparing the deformation to the to the other arches and other domes this performance is really, really better, but when are you.

1185
03:08:23.550 --> 03:08:25.110
Madhu Thangavelu: guys ready to go.

1186
03:08:26.220 --> 03:08:41.370
Mahsa Esfand: it's almost the what, but when we acquire the pressure is the arts number 26 is very, very close to the hemisphere and interfere even arch number 11 is very, very similar to the to the hemisphere.

1187
03:08:42.930 --> 03:09:01.980
Mahsa Esfand: So we're we're kind of proposed that if if they're working the same if we are if they did this formation, is the same why we're not using the different kinds of don't, so this is how we can see wearing house pistons and instructor in a new way.

1188
03:09:04.020 --> 03:09:04.860
Mahsa Esfand: that's it Thank you.

1189
03:09:05.310 --> 03:09:18.180
Madhu Thangavelu: Great thank Thank you so much masa and now I want to tell you one little story about how all these people from Persia came to northern India and built a magnificent structure called the taj mahal.

1190
03:09:18.630 --> 03:09:25.890
Madhu Thangavelu: It staying there it's got incredible Dome with some of these beautiful features masa mentioned and kiss what.

1191
03:09:26.610 --> 03:09:46.170
Madhu Thangavelu: They built it on the banks of a river and so settlement is a very big issue, except that the taj is still staying without any settlement, so now think about it, while the next person to come Sean and he is none other than my good friend.

1192
03:09:48.210 --> 03:10:01.200
Madhu Thangavelu: phil sailor here Oh, I see you okay good phil i'm sure you'll have a lot of things to say about what Marshall said, but we got to keep our time i'm sorry we are running late we'll try to catch up go for it.

1193
03:10:02.880 --> 03:10:04.440
Phil Sadler: Okay, how am I doing.

1194
03:10:05.940 --> 03:10:07.500
Madhu Thangavelu: Come on screen and we'll tell you.

1195
03:10:07.890 --> 03:10:08.760
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, see you.

1196
03:10:09.690 --> 03:10:11.700
Phil Sadler: yeah how about my slideshow.

1197
03:10:12.030 --> 03:10:13.410
Madhu Thangavelu: not yet he's.

1198
03:10:13.560 --> 03:10:14.100
AIAA LA-LV: Coming up.

1199
03:10:15.030 --> 03:10:15.660
Madhu Thangavelu: Coming up okay.

1200
03:10:17.040 --> 03:10:17.580
Madhu Thangavelu: How are you doing.

1201
03:10:18.420 --> 03:10:19.950
Phil Sadler: All real good real good.

1202
03:10:20.940 --> 03:10:23.910
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, oh there we go, we got it.

1203
03:10:24.420 --> 03:10:38.250
Phil Sadler: Okay, I apologize, but I have to add those guys mommy run my slideshow because I I fell offline yesterday with a zoom call and i'm worried about it today so anyway, I weren't.

1204
03:10:39.030 --> 03:10:43.980
Madhu Thangavelu: able to go to the university or are you in your Home Office.

1205
03:10:44.490 --> 03:10:45.960
Phil Sadler: No i'm at home okay.

1206
03:10:46.140 --> 03:10:47.640
Madhu Thangavelu: Go hard on.

1207
03:10:48.210 --> 03:10:52.830
Phil Sadler: I work with the University of Arizona controlled environment ag Center and.

1208
03:10:54.120 --> 03:10:55.320
Phil Sadler: we've been working in.

1209
03:10:56.880 --> 03:11:02.130
Phil Sadler: greenhouses and, in extreme environments for about 20 years and.

1210
03:11:03.780 --> 03:11:07.020
Phil Sadler: And these are the these are our partners and.

1211
03:11:08.820 --> 03:11:16.680
Phil Sadler: we've had a number of NASA contracts and we had an nsf contract to build the south pole greenhouse okay now I.

1212
03:11:16.680 --> 03:11:24.480
Madhu Thangavelu: can feel that that that part of the slide or the bottom, he said Apollo 11 or Apollo 17.

1213
03:11:25.980 --> 03:11:27.240
Phil Sadler: Well i'm not really sure.

1214
03:11:27.690 --> 03:11:27.990
Okay.

1215
03:11:29.460 --> 03:11:30.360
Phil Sadler: Okay next slide.

1216
03:11:34.350 --> 03:11:42.780
Phil Sadler: um this goes back to 2004 we deliver we built and delivered the south pole greenhouse I worked out there.

1217
03:11:44.250 --> 03:11:45.660
Phil Sadler: Earlier and.

1218
03:11:46.710 --> 03:11:54.270
Phil Sadler: In 88 I started the greenhouse program but this shows how isolated South pole is it's a good analog for space.

1219
03:11:55.860 --> 03:12:09.600
Phil Sadler: there's nothing, nothing close to this facility for you know hundreds of miles and everything has be brought in by aircraft or tractor train and very isolated OK next one.

1220
03:12:15.540 --> 03:12:17.940
Phil Sadler: I built an original greenhouse out there.

1221
03:12:19.380 --> 03:12:34.290
Phil Sadler: In nine in 92 or 91 and when they built the new station they wanted a new greenhouse so I work with Dr Jean Jacques Emily and the controlled environment ag Center and.

1222
03:12:35.370 --> 03:12:37.680
Phil Sadler: We developed this greenhouse and.

1223
03:12:38.730 --> 03:12:40.290
Phil Sadler: it's still functioning today.

1224
03:12:41.730 --> 03:12:59.700
Phil Sadler: They still enjoy it and provide their isolated for seven eight months out there and it produces fresh produce for them, because after about a month or so they run out and then it's just can stuff and frozen stuff so.

1225
03:13:01.050 --> 03:13:03.270
Phil Sadler: They really enjoy the greenhouse.

1226
03:13:04.950 --> 03:13:05.850
Phil Sadler: Okay next slide.

1227
03:13:11.550 --> 03:13:27.690
Phil Sadler: Our students ran the greenhouse from tucson and had this is lane Patterson he was my right hand man, through the whole thing, and he went out and got it going, but our students managed it from tucson and.

1228
03:13:29.250 --> 03:13:36.780
Phil Sadler: And blaine was the first guy to grow cantaloupes at the south Pole and on your right below is.

1229
03:13:38.040 --> 03:13:50.940
Phil Sadler: Jen and that's Senator McCain he was out there visiting and and he didn't realize that the uva had built this this greenhouse there for him, but it was it was.

1230
03:13:52.470 --> 03:14:02.280
Phil Sadler: It was supportive from tucson it'd be very similar to what you might expect, on the moon, where you have experts remotely directing the operation of the Chamber.

1231
03:14:02.940 --> 03:14:19.920
Phil Sadler: And the Chamber itself is a robot if you can't do the physical stuff remotely but all the set points all the data collection distribution of this data and stuff is all done remotely and okay next line.

1232
03:14:26.160 --> 03:14:35.760
Phil Sadler: This is what it looks like on the inside it's inside the station this this bottom Center picture is the hallway and the people.

1233
03:14:36.690 --> 03:14:47.820
Phil Sadler: come and go and it's got an environmental room where people can smell the when you're at South pole everything smells like diesel fuel and it's extremely dry and.

1234
03:14:48.540 --> 03:15:05.310
Phil Sadler: it's an environmental room to allow people to be there and then then it's separated from the growing area which has CO2 enrichment they bring bottled CO2 there to enrich it because the plants will scrub out most of the CO2 rapidly and so.

1235
03:15:07.380 --> 03:15:21.120
Phil Sadler: how it works is it's got water cool well now they've gotten rid of them, but they originally I I developed in water jacket high pressure sodium light for the bio plexus Johnson space Center.

1236
03:15:21.600 --> 03:15:30.030
Phil Sadler: And then we used it for this contract and how it works is those trades, that the lower trace pull out there on.

1237
03:15:33.330 --> 03:15:39.900
Phil Sadler: Their own tracks that allowed to pull out when you don't have anybody in there, so it's basically to parabolas that.

1238
03:15:41.070 --> 03:15:52.110
Phil Sadler: is most efficient for using the light because diesel fuel a South pole station, which is what runs the generators is about $20 a gallon when it's delivered there.

1239
03:15:52.830 --> 03:16:00.960
Phil Sadler: So it's very expensive to generate power and that's nothing compared to what it will be like on the moon or Mars so okay next slide.

1240
03:16:08.370 --> 03:16:10.530
Phil Sadler: This is the the NASA renderings.

1241
03:16:11.760 --> 03:16:31.500
Phil Sadler: Of the most recent ones have greenhouses that NASA has generated, but the one on the upper right that's a that's a good likeness of great wheeler if he's our friend that Kennedy space Center probably the most knowledgeable person that NASA has in space horticulture.

1242
03:16:33.030 --> 03:16:48.480
Phil Sadler: But what you should take away from this is the amount of production that you see there isn't close to what the kind of density you're going to need for space you can't justify having a Chamber with that few plants in it.

1243
03:16:49.590 --> 03:16:50.490
Phil Sadler: Okay next slide.

1244
03:16:57.780 --> 03:17:06.060
Phil Sadler: We were approached early on to build a a greenhouse for the moon, and you have to know what the habitats going to look like.

1245
03:17:06.780 --> 03:17:15.870
Phil Sadler: You can't just design something, and you know it's got to be integrated it's so integrated with the rest of the habitat, you have to have something to work for so we.

1246
03:17:16.320 --> 03:17:31.500
Phil Sadler: We use the habitat demonstration unit it's it's part of the hair project now at jsc, but that was our starting point and we developed these inflatable modules that radiate from the central hub.

1247
03:17:33.960 --> 03:17:35.790
Phil Sadler: For our greenhouse.

1248
03:17:37.440 --> 03:17:50.640
Phil Sadler: you've got you've got air exchanges you've got water exchanges you got people that have to go in there and work so it's it's real important to have some idea what the whole habitat looks like when you start.

1249
03:17:51.930 --> 03:17:53.190
Phil Sadler: Okay next one.

1250
03:17:56.580 --> 03:18:00.180
Phil Sadler: And i've been making these modules and in.

1251
03:18:02.850 --> 03:18:11.430
Phil Sadler: The one on the upper upper left is covered with regolith for radiation shielding and micrometeorite bombardment.

1252
03:18:12.660 --> 03:18:28.710
Phil Sadler: And the the dishes up on top or solar concentrators which collect the natural light and bring it into the station or the habit town with fiber optic cables and.

1253
03:18:29.640 --> 03:18:40.380
Phil Sadler: what's interesting is that that with natural light like that, and a hammer wary type approach or a additional approach you can split the spectrum where.

1254
03:18:40.920 --> 03:18:45.420
Phil Sadler: You can take the power light the photosynthetic active radiation light.

1255
03:18:45.870 --> 03:18:54.720
Phil Sadler: and use it for your plan lighting and your interior lighting, but the other part, the other half of the spectrum, you can turn that into electricity and into heat.

1256
03:18:55.260 --> 03:19:08.040
Phil Sadler: So it's real important to, and if you if you have dishes like that you can track the sun if you're at the south pole you know, in a one of those peaks of eternal life.

1257
03:19:09.210 --> 03:19:12.900
Phil Sadler: They can rotate 360 degrees and track your your son.

1258
03:19:14.880 --> 03:19:16.110
Phil Sadler: The lower pictures.

1259
03:19:17.550 --> 03:19:29.400
Phil Sadler: That sort of the membrane it's going to be like a space suit with with multiple layers of of whatever for the membrane and it's going to be pretty thick I imagine.

1260
03:19:30.780 --> 03:19:42.390
Phil Sadler: But there's probably going to be a a format like on ISS there is a specific format for all the ISS express racks to plug into, and I think that.

1261
03:19:43.140 --> 03:19:56.220
Phil Sadler: On the on the moon you'll probably have the same situation where you have to be able to get to that pressure whole quickly in case you had a puncture so you can get in there and patch it having a bunch of rigid materials.

1262
03:19:57.630 --> 03:20:10.740
Phil Sadler: That you can't remove is a real hazard, you have the the express Rack, you have to be able to grab it and pull it out of there within within minutes, so you can get back behind it put a patch on your penetration.

1263
03:20:12.690 --> 03:20:13.590
Phil Sadler: Okay next slide.

1264
03:20:18.090 --> 03:20:18.750
Phil Sadler: um.

1265
03:20:19.860 --> 03:20:32.370
Phil Sadler: We had a NASA grant called the Ralph steckler space grant and it was a great grant and during that time we built the units and.

1266
03:20:33.510 --> 03:20:35.640
Phil Sadler: collected data and and and.

1267
03:20:37.620 --> 03:20:38.550
Phil Sadler: This is a.

1268
03:20:39.930 --> 03:20:53.640
Phil Sadler: This is a design, you can see in the upper upper left that collapses to about meter in length and then it expands to 5.5 meters when inflated so.

1269
03:20:55.260 --> 03:21:03.840
Phil Sadler: That was our one of our original signs, but I have a bad this is obsolete my estimation, because too much mass.

1270
03:21:05.280 --> 03:21:26.010
Phil Sadler: i've gone to a much lighter format, you know, like you saw earlier with the five struts or spars that that's all you really need because, on the on the moon, the regolith is equal to about six or 700 pounds per cubic yard I don't know what that is a metric but.

1271
03:21:27.090 --> 03:21:31.440
Phil Sadler: that's about the same as the weight of the snow itself Pole and.

1272
03:21:32.610 --> 03:21:38.190
Phil Sadler: You know, on earth that regolith would be 2900 pounds per cubic yard, but.

1273
03:21:39.690 --> 03:21:42.480
Phil Sadler: On the moon it's only about six or 700.

1274
03:21:43.530 --> 03:21:53.580
Phil Sadler: pounds per cubic yard so it's it's very similar to snow and you don't need a lot of lot of structure to hold that up the air pressure if you have it.

1275
03:21:54.990 --> 03:22:00.090
Phil Sadler: somewhere between nine PSI the the air pressure is enough to hold it up.

1276
03:22:01.080 --> 03:22:02.910
Madhu Thangavelu: No field we got three minutes.

1277
03:22:03.450 --> 03:22:04.950
Phil Sadler: Okay next slide.

1278
03:22:07.410 --> 03:22:08.850
Phil Sadler: Next slide please.

1279
03:22:10.200 --> 03:22:11.850
Phil Sadler: This is some of the crops, we grow.

1280
03:22:11.880 --> 03:22:13.140
Madhu Thangavelu: We grow root crops, we.

1281
03:22:13.140 --> 03:22:15.480
Phil Sadler: grow potatoes tomatoes.

1282
03:22:16.920 --> 03:22:19.590
Phil Sadler: sweet potatoes taking over the.

1283
03:22:20.610 --> 03:22:27.780
Phil Sadler: The Chamber here with the red red blue LEDs and the full spectrum lighting.

1284
03:22:29.190 --> 03:22:30.210
Phil Sadler: Next slide please.

1285
03:22:34.200 --> 03:22:36.720
Phil Sadler: This is our best shot and.

1286
03:22:38.550 --> 03:22:47.640
Phil Sadler: It was overtaken by the sweet potatoes, but this this doesn't represent, this is about half of the type of productivity, you need in order to justify having a greenhouse.

1287
03:22:48.810 --> 03:22:49.740
Phil Sadler: Next slide.

1288
03:22:52.590 --> 03:23:01.350
Phil Sadler: This is our data and we've got a couple papers out on it, but what was interesting was that one day we got a maximum.

1289
03:23:02.460 --> 03:23:07.410
Phil Sadler: Water condensed out of the unit of 47 liters of water.

1290
03:23:08.820 --> 03:23:10.440
Phil Sadler: Ray wheeler and Dan barta.

1291
03:23:12.090 --> 03:23:23.040
Phil Sadler: Years ago, came up with the thing if you can grow 50% of the calories for the crew, you can produce 100% of the water recycling and hundred percent of the air revitalization.

1292
03:23:24.600 --> 03:23:25.530
Phil Sadler: Next slide please.

1293
03:23:29.670 --> 03:23:32.970
Phil Sadler: Again, our work is.

1294
03:23:34.020 --> 03:23:38.220
Phil Sadler: available on you know with the access through the web.

1295
03:23:39.480 --> 03:23:40.440
Phil Sadler: Next slide.

1296
03:23:43.650 --> 03:23:55.410
Phil Sadler: This is not a biosphere i've got an exhibit there where we have one of our 12 foot units there as part of the exhibit and people come, and then we have like 100,000 people.

1297
03:23:55.920 --> 03:24:06.210
Phil Sadler: A year before the buyers come and visit the biosphere and it's been real successful you know it's been there about five years next slide.

1298
03:24:11.820 --> 03:24:12.450
Phil Sadler: We.

1299
03:24:13.770 --> 03:24:21.090
Phil Sadler: We had it we had it out for seven months at the Chicago museum of science and technology, and then we brought it back here and put it, the biosphere but.

1300
03:24:21.720 --> 03:24:36.930
Phil Sadler: This is basically what it is it's it's real lightweight and the inflatable cover on the right is something to represent what the thickness of what a covering might look like when when it's actually made but.

1301
03:24:38.040 --> 03:24:44.070
Phil Sadler: We give tours we have tours and the students explain what's going on next one.

1302
03:24:47.430 --> 03:25:01.470
Phil Sadler: This is a express rock I want to i'm interested in membrane structures for inside the habitat and this was a membrane express ramp that I built and again.

1303
03:25:02.160 --> 03:25:18.150
Phil Sadler: This is obsolete I got a new generation that i'm working on, but I am dedicated to there's no reason to have a real rigid structure to put a bunch of plants in so that's the direction of moving towards it folds up the size of a large suitcase.

1304
03:25:19.620 --> 03:25:20.400
Phil Sadler: next one.

1305
03:25:22.860 --> 03:25:27.690
Phil Sadler: And this is a my next generation module that i'm building and.

1306
03:25:28.920 --> 03:25:32.250
Phil Sadler: should have it in six months, I should have it completed.

1307
03:25:37.020 --> 03:25:37.650
Phil Sadler: Next slide.

1308
03:25:41.130 --> 03:25:46.530
Phil Sadler: Okay, this is, this is our crew and some of our people we collaborate with.

1309
03:25:48.720 --> 03:25:49.230
Phil Sadler: and

1310
03:25:52.080 --> 03:25:52.890
Phil Sadler: that's about it.

1311
03:25:53.460 --> 03:26:03.270
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you, thank you phil as please say hello to a gene and lane, you know I learned a lot from.

1312
03:26:04.440 --> 03:26:18.960
Madhu Thangavelu: All of you in the past few years about how plans dictate a lot of things they need in terms of nutrients, I still recall lane telling me that plans call for.

1313
03:26:19.590 --> 03:26:27.300
Madhu Thangavelu: Certain certain nutrients and then they just take it in you know these are these are living things that i've lived.

1314
03:26:28.260 --> 03:26:45.300
Madhu Thangavelu: Billions of years before we got to the sea, so you know I respect clients anyhow we'll talk more, we are going to our next speaker who is none other than mere who is going to jump in as from mulana.

1315
03:26:46.350 --> 03:26:47.670
Mirha Vlahovljak: know from body.

1316
03:26:48.060 --> 03:26:52.380
Madhu Thangavelu: From barrier, yes, sorry you're you're a good friend of Vittorio.

1317
03:26:52.860 --> 03:26:56.280
Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, that's right Victoria was your teaching assistant that's good.

1318
03:26:56.550 --> 03:26:59.070
Madhu Thangavelu: Go for it Mayra so nice to see you.

1319
03:27:00.240 --> 03:27:01.320
Mirha Vlahovljak: nice to see you all.

1320
03:27:03.930 --> 03:27:04.950
Mirha Vlahovljak: One second.

1321
03:27:11.430 --> 03:27:13.860
Mirha Vlahovljak: Okay, so before I start I would.

1322
03:27:13.860 --> 03:27:27.690
Mirha Vlahovljak: like to say thank you to Mr matt and all the I I a community that gave us this opportunity to show our project master thesis.

1323
03:27:30.060 --> 03:27:41.400
Mirha Vlahovljak: This thesis was born from the collaboration between the Polytechnic of body and six our department of university of Houston.

1324
03:27:42.540 --> 03:27:48.840
Mirha Vlahovljak: The name of the thesis is hive Mars design of Hebrew class capable settlement on the martian surface.

1325
03:27:50.070 --> 03:28:03.810
Mirha Vlahovljak: Which which has been done by IQ Mars group under the supervision of Professor architect do separate Malika and space architect Victorian acting.

1326
03:28:06.810 --> 03:28:09.300
Mirha Vlahovljak: Before before everything.

1327
03:28:10.650 --> 03:28:12.420
Mirha Vlahovljak: Before once.

1328
03:28:14.790 --> 03:28:24.390
Mirha Vlahovljak: Okay, before showing the outpost proposal it has been defined mission architecture diagram that represents lunch travel and landing phases.

1329
03:28:24.990 --> 03:28:48.210
Mirha Vlahovljak: The diagram shows three phases of mission, the first mission robotic mission of perseverance Rover 2020 and the for the second phase, the cargo mission has been chosen space six big Falconer rocket and for the third phase current part of the mission NASA sls block Monday.

1330
03:28:52.440 --> 03:29:03.960
Mirha Vlahovljak: it's a bit slow the sides chosen for our thesis project is the health plan itself, which is the biggest best in on Mars located in the southern hemisphere, of the planet.

1331
03:29:04.710 --> 03:29:15.180
Mirha Vlahovljak: The choice of this side depended on on a number of factors such as depth, which allows to have a more moderate presentation of radiation than other areas on the surface.

1332
03:29:15.720 --> 03:29:25.380
Mirha Vlahovljak: There and use presence of frogs and the ground and the presence of moderate reliefs which makes the area more suitable for the development of a settlement.

1333
03:29:26.430 --> 03:29:32.640
Mirha Vlahovljak: And for lending operations, the most decisive factor in this choice of the site.

1334
03:29:33.660 --> 03:29:44.490
Mirha Vlahovljak: Was the presence of water tested by the honey countering ideological future was processes linked to the principle of ice ascent.

1335
03:29:45.630 --> 03:29:52.890
Mirha Vlahovljak: The project is located in the central part of hell has been it's yeah because it is the flatness area and.

1336
03:29:53.190 --> 03:30:02.910
Mirha Vlahovljak: Above all, because the side the surrounding reliefs although moderate provide the natural shelter from martian whether such as sense forms.

1337
03:30:03.780 --> 03:30:15.480
Mirha Vlahovljak: The project takes the name hide Mars, with the aim of resuming the physical characteristic on the honey country of the chosen side and defining its principal of expansion.

1338
03:30:17.040 --> 03:30:34.200
Mirha Vlahovljak: The concept is oriented Northwest and it shows us simplification of the project by identifying the areas necessity for the development of the letter, namely landing area which is positioned 3.5 kilometers from the habitat, then we have.

1339
03:30:35.220 --> 03:30:53.430
Mirha Vlahovljak: Yesterday area or in the resources area which is positioned 100 meter from the habitat and energy production area which is positioned also 100 meter from the habitat, the last area is the habitat.

1340
03:30:54.780 --> 03:31:14.160
Mirha Vlahovljak: On the top of the habitat in infrastructure design we focus also on the construction sequence outlining the appropriate surface elements to support the construction This role is performed by the Nice Emily Rovers which include all those tunnels and semi autonomous mobile assets.

1341
03:31:15.360 --> 03:31:23.250
Mirha Vlahovljak: The design of future machine is this is inspired by epigenetic based insects, they want you to rpi a family.

1342
03:31:23.760 --> 03:31:31.200
Mirha Vlahovljak: A particular genetic characteristic that allows insect with the same DNA to involved in different physical features.

1343
03:31:31.710 --> 03:31:42.900
Mirha Vlahovljak: designed to fit their role in high societies, each of the Bureau of our assets plays a different role in the construction process that we will see in the next slides.

1344
03:31:43.830 --> 03:31:54.600
Mirha Vlahovljak: And it was important to define all the stages of construction of the settlement that from the landing to the arrival of men, the starship spacecraft payload blends.

1345
03:31:55.740 --> 03:32:05.280
Mirha Vlahovljak: In the landing area releasing the family Roberts for the preparation and exploration of the site before the arrival of men, first of all.

1346
03:32:05.790 --> 03:32:18.750
Mirha Vlahovljak: spider explorer probes the entire area, to ensure that the required requirements are met liter the beef like nerve Rover flattens the road network, then.

1347
03:32:19.830 --> 03:32:26.400
Mirha Vlahovljak: institute resources utilization area energy production area it comes to end construction area.

1348
03:32:27.180 --> 03:32:45.870
Mirha Vlahovljak: In this way, the V escalator and the transporter Rover reach the is no idea where water extraction oxygen production i'm going to call it collection activities takes place the extracted or invalid is processed inside the processor and transferred to the beach 3D printer.

1349
03:32:47.370 --> 03:32:54.030
Mirha Vlahovljak: That procedure, the construction of the protective wall of the landing area roads and habitat.

1350
03:32:55.080 --> 03:33:14.850
Mirha Vlahovljak: The belief, the Rover instead provides for the positioning of the architectural elements to be inserted during the phases of habitat construction in the same time, the be transporter Rover brings killer power and solar panels on the production on the energy production area.

1351
03:33:16.140 --> 03:33:30.060
Mirha Vlahovljak: Once the site is ready to host the first cruel sls Block one be lens and martian soil upon his arrival arkema pressurized Rover leaves the astronauts into the habitat.

1352
03:33:30.420 --> 03:33:40.800
Mirha Vlahovljak: which consists of three housing Units one main and to secondary once and hunger, to protect the vehicle from the atmospheric agents.

1353
03:33:42.240 --> 03:33:59.550
Mirha Vlahovljak: The future expansion is inspired by the territorial confirmation of the hexagon now honey calm infinitely repeatable and able to desolate the space and connect among themselves over housing units.

1354
03:34:01.350 --> 03:34:15.960
Mirha Vlahovljak: And after analyzing all the types associated with the planetary habitat, we chose a hybrid one, the use of class to 3D printed one for the external structure and integrated.

1355
03:34:16.740 --> 03:34:28.290
Mirha Vlahovljak: With the class tree inflatable one for the internal module it was the most convenient in terms of cost and time savings and comfort.

1356
03:34:29.700 --> 03:34:40.980
Mirha Vlahovljak: The external structure for first to historical model model of the nubian Dome and take the shape of a Dome with the knowledge of our section to keep truncated at the top.

1357
03:34:42.870 --> 03:34:50.550
Mirha Vlahovljak: martian raw material recall it is use the in the construction of the external structure of housing modules.

1358
03:34:51.390 --> 03:35:01.020
Mirha Vlahovljak: The latter is collected by by the excavator and transported inside the regular processor, the material is mixed with the binder.

1359
03:35:01.470 --> 03:35:17.820
Mirha Vlahovljak: glucose be the Western medical polymer which is extracted from organic and biological waste and solvent the material obtained martian seminar is transferred to 3D printer that proceeds with the printing by layers.

1360
03:35:19.350 --> 03:35:28.980
Mirha Vlahovljak: The choice for a superior to get it done was dictated by three main reasons, the first reason lies in the construction technology that was used.

1361
03:35:29.460 --> 03:35:39.150
Mirha Vlahovljak: which does not allow allow the upper part of the Dome to close properly The second reason is the structural nature this.

1362
03:35:39.540 --> 03:35:56.130
Mirha Vlahovljak: This type of dog does not need support during printing and, finally, the literature literature literature on planetary architecture so just inserting the right housing module only when the construction of protecting.

1363
03:35:57.600 --> 03:36:11.130
Mirha Vlahovljak: Production against the radiation micro matter it's and sandstorm has been completed, therefore, it turns out that the average and keep it original shape is the only one suitable for meeting these requirements.

1364
03:36:12.690 --> 03:36:25.050
Mirha Vlahovljak: The construction of the Dome structure begins with the excavation of 1.6 meter circle our call that will host the habitats foundation, the type the type ology chosen.

1365
03:36:25.650 --> 03:36:33.210
Mirha Vlahovljak: Is the continuous foundation, with the circular bad lower than the ground level, in which the internal show will sit.

1366
03:36:33.900 --> 03:36:42.270
Mirha Vlahovljak: Subsequently, the victory, the printer no proceed to print the base of the external shelf, starting from the Foundation level.

1367
03:36:42.690 --> 03:36:51.030
Mirha Vlahovljak: The first interruption of the printing takes place in correspondence with the ground level hatches placed inside the side connections.

1368
03:36:51.450 --> 03:37:11.520
Mirha Vlahovljak: The belief, the Rover transport in places the air looks and deployed the rigid section of the hatches and he loves work as some support for the upper layers I second interruption occurs at the windows level directly transported from earth and placed and position.

1369
03:37:12.690 --> 03:37:16.740
Mirha Vlahovljak: position, using the robot be lifted over.

1370
03:37:17.970 --> 03:37:30.960
Mirha Vlahovljak: The printing of it, well done continues after the placement of the first three openings interrupting in correspondence with the upper once positioned in correspondence with the second and third floors.

1371
03:37:32.910 --> 03:37:40.320
Mirha Vlahovljak: The upper part of the door is truncated because the printing technique would not allow a defect structural support to close the the shape.

1372
03:37:41.400 --> 03:37:54.990
Mirha Vlahovljak: Furthermore, was the construction of the envelope has been completed this shape allows the placement of and deployed internal module from the upper cavity by means of the V lifter Rover.

1373
03:37:55.830 --> 03:38:09.030
Mirha Vlahovljak: Indians are truncated fit on the Dallas highlights is pleased to seal the external show this element is inspired by the ISS though and provides greater elimination of the internal and.

1374
03:38:13.530 --> 03:38:29.730
Mirha Vlahovljak: In particular, the Shell press present small to surface on the on the inside, why the outside is modeled on to a parametric three dimensional texture that allows a better thermal management and protection against micrometer its impact.

1375
03:38:30.360 --> 03:38:42.090
Mirha Vlahovljak: The choice of an external texture response to determining factors such as the self shaving of the structure itself and the ability to retain the data that is deposited on it.

1376
03:38:42.540 --> 03:38:51.300
Mirha Vlahovljak: Over time, this does the difference, the structure and also increase the wall thickness resulting in additional protection.

1377
03:38:53.460 --> 03:39:02.220
Mirha Vlahovljak: Once the class to protective structure has been defined, it is possible to establish plus three housing module.

1378
03:39:02.880 --> 03:39:06.660
Mirha Vlahovljak: Which is part of the infrastructures growth from the from the earth.

1379
03:39:07.080 --> 03:39:22.230
Mirha Vlahovljak: A long term stay requires a habitat capable of reducing the mass and cost of launching and at the same time, capable of guaranteeing large pressurized spaces to allow all human activities to be carried out.

1380
03:39:22.890 --> 03:39:28.260
Mirha Vlahovljak: The choice for the habitat inside the regarded structure therefore fell on an inflatable.

1381
03:39:28.860 --> 03:39:43.470
Mirha Vlahovljak: habitat its advantages are remarkable if it is lighter than a rigid aluminum structure, it also allows greater flexibility of the internal layout and greater internal volumes.

1382
03:39:44.010 --> 03:39:53.970
Mirha Vlahovljak: also allows automated outfit things and easier assembly manages better the thermal instructional stresses, while keeping the weight, no.

1383
03:39:55.080 --> 03:40:05.880
Mirha Vlahovljak: So, once the the deploy the inner module is lowered from above above into the Dome the inflation begins integrated air pumps.

1384
03:40:07.230 --> 03:40:12.270
Mirha Vlahovljak: The pressure pressurization needed to reach final shape of the inflatable module.

1385
03:40:13.290 --> 03:40:26.700
Mirha Vlahovljak: At the same time, to an automated mechanical system, the internal steel structure is deployed, starting from the deployment of the central core, then the floors and in the end of the pillars.

1386
03:40:31.980 --> 03:40:40.800
Mirha Vlahovljak: So habitable module is of things that occupies almost the entire internal volume of the external colleagues.

1387
03:40:43.620 --> 03:40:48.000
Mirha Vlahovljak: In the section, we can see the configuration of the inflatable module.

1388
03:40:49.020 --> 03:41:02.370
Mirha Vlahovljak: Which is divided into three levels of decreasing walkable area, accessible and connected vertically by a harmonious spiral staircase place in the Center of the Center inside the poor.

1389
03:41:02.880 --> 03:41:16.290
Mirha Vlahovljak: Each of the levels, has the tree windows arranged on excess of 120 degrees, which do not so much perform the function of eliminating from the outside, but rather than to offer.

1390
03:41:16.770 --> 03:41:33.540
Mirha Vlahovljak: A man i've used to the outside, partly freeing him from the sense of closure and installation the function of eliminating the internal environment is instead performed by a circular skylights mounted at the top.

1391
03:41:35.580 --> 03:41:51.180
Mirha Vlahovljak: Thanks to our system of automated shutters the skylight opens during certain hours of the day, to eliminate the set to eliminate the second floor and partially reach the lower floor floors between the gaps.

1392
03:41:52.560 --> 03:41:56.580
Mirha Vlahovljak: Between the gaps of external Shell and inflatable modules.

1393
03:41:57.690 --> 03:42:15.690
Mirha Vlahovljak: Each level fulfills specific function, the ground floor identifies a common area where the main control activities takes place and where the scientific research area and the medical area are located observing the drawings, we not.

1394
03:42:16.740 --> 03:42:26.670
Mirha Vlahovljak: How the internal arrangement of these rooms derives from the presence of tree a luxe connecting with the other living models arranged on 120 degrees.

1395
03:42:27.750 --> 03:42:43.020
Mirha Vlahovljak: Access the first floor is the most private area containing the living area in the sleeping area, while the top floor is semi private area where leisure reading in sports activities takes place.

1396
03:42:44.640 --> 03:42:56.460
Mirha Vlahovljak: It much steam has also put forward design proposal for to green systems, one in the production of food and the other are characterized by of your garden.

1397
03:42:57.120 --> 03:43:06.930
Mirha Vlahovljak: Both proposals are part of our more future hypothesis belonging to a future phase of expansion, this is one settlement change and grow into a colony.

1398
03:43:08.580 --> 03:43:19.200
Mirha Vlahovljak: The first green system is house inside the original dawn in martian red ball it's already use this casing of the housing inflatable module in this case.

1399
03:43:20.430 --> 03:43:30.600
Mirha Vlahovljak: Also, our structure is something that is raised on a tree levels are connected by central core each level identifies as a central green.

1400
03:43:31.680 --> 03:43:39.720
Mirha Vlahovljak: Ring which house poor Vol hydroponic cultivation system given by columns of Vegas.

1401
03:43:41.850 --> 03:43:43.530
Mirha Vlahovljak: On all of the ways is.

1402
03:43:44.790 --> 03:44:01.410
Mirha Vlahovljak: All of the ways is there is a protection shield that contains the purple light green lights, especially applied to the bottom of each ways and and one outer green ring that house is a number of different racks.

1403
03:44:02.790 --> 03:44:15.000
Mirha Vlahovljak: The second Green system has a more psychological character and everything is aimed at ensuring the social and mental health, health of future inhabitants of the red planet.

1404
03:44:16.170 --> 03:44:29.880
Mirha Vlahovljak: bridging the distance with the earth and reducing the feeling associated with the inevitable installation conditions was the primary purpose of the arguments team during the design phase of the second the green system.

1405
03:44:30.930 --> 03:44:39.750
Mirha Vlahovljak: The Interior has one large common space in which holograms project two dimensional images of typical periscope guidance.

1406
03:44:41.910 --> 03:44:52.710
Mirha Vlahovljak: To conclude, it is possible to learn from our ancestors, and at the same time, with the help of knowledge and advanced technologies that are disposal.

1407
03:44:53.160 --> 03:45:03.330
Mirha Vlahovljak: It is possible to inhabit an extreme place like Mars, by limiting the extreme characteristic of the environmental that characterize Mars.

1408
03:45:03.840 --> 03:45:23.370
Mirha Vlahovljak: Such as distance from earth, the need to build in the most standard standard design way possible, the need to limit space and use resources men will be able to build the first human settlement, which will in the future characterize a protected archaeological sites.

1409
03:45:25.350 --> 03:45:27.810
Mirha Vlahovljak: Thank you for your attention, thank you very much.

1410
03:45:28.860 --> 03:45:36.030
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you Mayra somebody asked me, the other day hey new what's the difference between.

1411
03:45:37.560 --> 03:45:42.000
Madhu Thangavelu: A systems engineer, and the space architect.

1412
03:45:43.680 --> 03:45:49.500
Madhu Thangavelu: The answer is very simple space architects draw draw like crazy.

1413
03:45:49.980 --> 03:45:50.490
Yes.

1414
03:45:51.570 --> 03:45:55.560
Madhu Thangavelu: And that brings me thank you so much Mira.

1415
03:45:55.620 --> 03:46:03.120
Madhu Thangavelu: We hope to continue this discussion at this time, I want to introduce Professor Michael.

1416
03:46:03.330 --> 03:46:21.300
Madhu Thangavelu: fox from cal poly pomona I was invited sometimes to review the good work that he and his group of students have done in the past, welcome Michael, the floor is yours.

1417
03:46:23.550 --> 03:46:24.210
Michael Fox: i'm out here.

1418
03:46:33.870 --> 03:46:34.890
Michael Fox: Can you see that okay.

1419
03:46:35.550 --> 03:46:38.040
Michael Fox: Yes, okay um.

1420
03:46:39.240 --> 03:46:40.530
Michael Fox: Anyway, thanks.

1421
03:46:42.960 --> 03:46:43.950
Michael Fox: thanks for having me.

1422
03:46:44.970 --> 03:46:48.420
Michael Fox: I have to say i'm i'm a terrestrial architect.

1423
03:46:49.680 --> 03:46:53.190
Michael Fox: Even build a lot of buildings on earth and and.

1424
03:46:54.720 --> 03:47:02.370
Michael Fox: And I just want to say that that you know, for me, this is this is super interesting because.

1425
03:47:04.350 --> 03:47:15.600
Michael Fox: I suppose looking and understanding at designs with limited resources and in environments that are extreme leads leads us to a much higher respect of nature here.

1426
03:47:16.350 --> 03:47:19.800
Michael Fox: and respect of human beings and in generating.

1427
03:47:20.520 --> 03:47:31.530
Michael Fox: Eventually, improve life on earth and and so really i'm interested in bringing on these these lessons learned and it's great that we do these a lot, you know interdisciplinary projects, I think.

1428
03:47:32.130 --> 03:47:50.790
Michael Fox: The one i'm going to show right now, I think, is our sixth, the one that we've done and they're all vastly different and and you know, sometimes i'm kind of drinking from a firehose I think the good thing is that we are in La and we have great people from jpl like.

1429
03:47:51.990 --> 03:48:05.370
Michael Fox: Matthew and and Scott, how and mark Cohen, and Brent Sherwood before he left town and all these guys are just great because they come and kind of share like.

1430
03:48:06.000 --> 03:48:22.950
Michael Fox: Their wisdom from years of doing this space architecture, with the students and help us kind of keep on track, so this this was one earlier one, this is a lot of fun that we did, which was deep space habitation model, and you know we'd like to build things.

1431
03:48:24.090 --> 03:48:29.610
Michael Fox: Physical models and and real big kind of lo fi analog.

1432
03:48:31.200 --> 03:48:38.310
Michael Fox: projects that kind of led to another one, which was designed for a handheld handheld foothold which.

1433
03:48:39.390 --> 03:48:47.340
Michael Fox: was a different type of grant where we got to go and test it in zero G, which was a lot of fun.

1434
03:48:48.840 --> 03:48:50.670
Michael Fox: and take the students, along with me.

1435
03:48:52.320 --> 03:48:54.210
Michael Fox: So this one i'm going to talk about.

1436
03:48:56.310 --> 03:49:03.690
Michael Fox: Was was with this X have program which is for student exploration that's kind of specific things.

1437
03:49:04.800 --> 03:49:15.750
Michael Fox: You need not always to space architecture, but often when they do we always try and do them just proposal specifically addresses the challenge.

1438
03:49:16.470 --> 03:49:29.100
Michael Fox: too great to have dish habitation system that has commonality in both the in space and then the surface habitat design, so the crew are familiar with the layout the function location of everything and surface have that when they didn't arrive on Mars.

1439
03:49:31.320 --> 03:49:41.820
Michael Fox: We kind of start off with a lot of different concept designs again kind of drinking from a firehose to to kind of get things right, and this is when, like all of our really.

1440
03:49:42.480 --> 03:49:53.880
Michael Fox: consultants are extremely valuable mark Cohen, was like very involved in this project, came to our class a lot really kind of helping us keep on track and.

1441
03:49:55.410 --> 03:50:00.510
Madhu Thangavelu: Marcus in New York with his granddaughter so he says sorry cannot.

1442
03:50:00.510 --> 03:50:00.660
Be.

1443
03:50:03.420 --> 03:50:03.900
mission.

1444
03:50:05.790 --> 03:50:18.420
Michael Fox: And, and so these kind of these these these sort of preliminary designs were then kind of initially compared you know and evaluated on the relative merits of.

1445
03:50:18.990 --> 03:50:29.220
Michael Fox: Against a pretty inclusive set of criteria and this then gave us a framework for evaluation evaluating like different design potentials and different engineering options.

1446
03:50:29.790 --> 03:50:36.000
Michael Fox: And then we kind of down selected and we went through this down selection process like three times and and.

1447
03:50:36.750 --> 03:50:50.310
Michael Fox: Until we kind of had a particular design, this one we we sort of went with was that we we called it, the car one and the most important aspects that need resolution here where.

1448
03:50:51.210 --> 03:51:00.060
Michael Fox: The transformation mechanism that would allow it, the IPP to function in zero G and the MARS gravitational environment and and the structural integrity.

1449
03:51:00.990 --> 03:51:10.020
Michael Fox: The program layout at be designed allowing all the components to kind of be pre installed, with full functionality before and then also after transformation.

1450
03:51:10.830 --> 03:51:27.300
Michael Fox: and allowing a limited mobility on the surface once it's there and and, of course, the transformation mechanism was was kind of central to this, the idea is that there's there's four of these sort of truncated cylinders.

1451
03:51:28.890 --> 03:51:36.390
Michael Fox: And then, and then they essentially unroll and can connect together and make larger habitation.

1452
03:51:37.770 --> 03:51:44.850
Michael Fox: And so you know, there are scenarios, where this becomes much kind of larger as an environment.

1453
03:51:46.080 --> 03:51:49.410
Michael Fox: And you can see a diagram of the unrolling.

1454
03:51:50.610 --> 03:51:54.660
Michael Fox: and looking at kind of a lot of different variations in terms of.

1455
03:51:55.800 --> 03:52:15.960
Michael Fox: Just the the geometry for how this could enroll looking at program configuration kind of interesting with you know the Jason sees you know before unrolling and after unrolling and and, of course, this being kind of the.

1456
03:52:16.980 --> 03:52:21.360
Michael Fox: martian gravitational analog on the left and.

1457
03:52:22.980 --> 03:52:29.250
Michael Fox: And so we We then kind of developed the drawings to a fairly high level of resolution.

1458
03:52:29.970 --> 03:52:41.400
Michael Fox: And we use, I think this is one of the most interesting parts is is you know we used a lot of exploratory means to kind of understand the design and develop the design, so this is like kind of.

1459
03:52:41.910 --> 03:52:58.800
Michael Fox: Show and tell of making the drawings, but it's really kind of you know, understanding things and evolving the design, so we kind of very early on, made a pretty sophisticated bim model and we had like great consultants from Gary technologies, which is now Trimble.

1460
03:53:00.750 --> 03:53:07.890
Michael Fox: And we made a full scale prototype with ar to understand the ergonomics, and the earth and the human scale.

1461
03:53:09.060 --> 03:53:21.840
Michael Fox: And then, a fully detailed kind of vr model to understand again the huge the ergonomics and human scale of things and then small scale robotics understanding different.

1462
03:53:22.560 --> 03:53:27.510
Michael Fox: mechanics and a physical prototype at one to 10 This is just.

1463
03:53:28.410 --> 03:53:36.870
Michael Fox: Some images inside the vr model, which was great enough because it was used as a design tool for kind of you know, understanding, you know.

1464
03:53:37.290 --> 03:53:55.920
Michael Fox: how you can walk around and is super interesting to kind of move around in vr in the world position and then have the unrolled position and kind of walk around in a low G version of that, and then the ar version I think also was was pretty interesting.

1465
03:53:57.150 --> 03:53:59.190
Michael Fox: Where were we were using.

1466
03:54:01.680 --> 03:54:07.350
Michael Fox: We basically a low Phi kind of but but full scale kind of version.

1467
03:54:08.370 --> 03:54:25.470
Michael Fox: And then, and then you know you get the ar version that that when you put on the glasses, you have all the furniture and everything within the context of the physical environment, so this is actually pretty interesting to explore done quite a few things with air since.

1468
03:54:27.510 --> 03:54:32.340
Michael Fox: And then, looking at small scale robotics and.

1469
03:54:33.810 --> 03:54:39.270
Michael Fox: kind of looking at how the unrolling mechanisms would work and then also the mobility.

1470
03:54:40.320 --> 03:54:42.030
Michael Fox: that's this one was.

1471
03:54:43.320 --> 03:54:52.860
Michael Fox: It was in an exhibit at the San Francisco moment there is a space exhibit there are some other really cool space architecture projects there and went up and saw it.

1472
03:54:54.180 --> 03:54:57.300
Michael Fox: And then you know, looking at some of these.

1473
03:54:58.650 --> 03:55:10.530
Michael Fox: drawings, in particular, that they were transformative drawings in and meaning looking at not just static conditions, so how it could unroll.

1474
03:55:12.630 --> 03:55:13.230
Michael Fox: and

1475
03:55:14.580 --> 03:55:15.600
Michael Fox: Then kind of the.

1476
03:55:16.740 --> 03:55:21.420
Michael Fox: For 3D like model this this was actually the vr model.

1477
03:55:22.710 --> 03:55:24.900
Michael Fox: And then making a one to 10.

1478
03:55:26.670 --> 03:55:42.720
Michael Fox: One to 10 physical prototype which was actually really valuable in a lot of respects and understanding the transformation of it, so this is again one to 10 so pretty small but, and then we took it out to the desert and kind of did a little.

1479
03:55:44.190 --> 03:55:45.150
Michael Fox: demonstration.

1480
03:56:45.990 --> 03:56:54.930
Michael Fox: Anyway, that's this project, these are all the students who learned a lot this is mark Schultz, who worked on it a lot and.

1481
03:56:55.680 --> 03:56:56.640
I see me in there.

1482
03:57:02.730 --> 03:57:04.200
Michael Fox: there's ED mccullough.

1483
03:57:06.030 --> 03:57:09.060
Madhu Thangavelu: said don't be misled yeah we do.

1484
03:57:09.540 --> 03:57:12.540
Michael Fox: um anyway so.

1485
03:57:12.720 --> 03:57:15.300
Michael Fox: um thanks a lot, I think that wraps it up.

1486
03:57:16.860 --> 03:57:24.960
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you, Michael fantastic presentation and I like your screen the way you are appearing with the.

1487
03:57:26.070 --> 03:57:34.020
Madhu Thangavelu: I think, is that is that a technique that you're using you're coming through with your background fuzzy.

1488
03:57:34.410 --> 03:57:35.310
Michael Fox: blue background.

1489
03:57:38.640 --> 03:57:49.530
Madhu Thangavelu: Day Thank you so much, Michael we gotta run to our next presenter, and that is somebody very special zooming late in the night from London.

1490
03:57:50.460 --> 03:58:05.940
Madhu Thangavelu: happy to introduce to you Xavier whom i've known many times over over his incredible rituals you're so happy you're you're awake to present Xavier hope you had some tea op eds and PG tips or.

1491
03:58:05.940 --> 03:58:07.440
Xavier De Kestelier: Something so on actually.

1492
03:58:08.340 --> 03:58:09.210
guys okay good.

1493
03:58:10.410 --> 03:58:11.700
Madhu Thangavelu: good to see you go for it.

1494
03:58:12.420 --> 03:58:16.020
Xavier De Kestelier: And thank you Thank you so much for inviting me you guys all hear me well yeah.

1495
03:58:16.350 --> 03:58:17.100
Madhu Thangavelu: Very well.

1496
03:58:17.400 --> 03:58:30.330
Xavier De Kestelier: No good so well thanks so much for inviting me and today i'm precondition, my name is Jackie and I am an architect i'd like to have an architect, no real space architect like what Michael said.

1497
03:58:31.350 --> 03:58:37.560
Xavier De Kestelier: Because I think architecture itself, I think, really is enough to as a profession to be in space.

1498
03:58:37.980 --> 03:58:47.040
Xavier De Kestelier: Right and that's what I want to talk about today is the value of design the value of architecture itself, and when we move into space and.

1499
03:58:47.700 --> 03:58:56.580
Xavier De Kestelier: In this field and i'm told that i'm also going to talk about the importance of sustainability and recycling and reusing materials in space.

1500
03:58:57.000 --> 03:59:07.980
Xavier De Kestelier: And we do that with one project and the project i'm going to talk about is hassle studios proposal for the NASA centennial 3D printer habitat challenge.

1501
03:59:08.880 --> 03:59:24.840
Xavier De Kestelier: So our project and exists, out of two elements, it has a 3D printed Shell structure and then an inflatable and foldable pressurized prefabricated elements underneath.

1502
03:59:25.440 --> 03:59:40.710
Xavier De Kestelier: Now for this one we're actually little bit naughty because we went against the brief that NASA put forward because they wanted us to look at a 3D printed pressurized system and we weren't quite comfortable with that because knowing from our Earth.

1503
03:59:41.910 --> 03:59:55.080
Xavier De Kestelier: Examples and normal architecture like this amazing for this candela's Shell structure that has been made in situ, the 3D printed shall structure, not a robot with lots of people.

1504
03:59:55.470 --> 04:00:05.010
Xavier De Kestelier: To a certain degree of accuracy right it can't be super accurate you can't they don't have the performance that you would do we're building this on earth and underneath you would get.

1505
04:00:05.310 --> 04:00:24.780
Xavier De Kestelier: prefabricated arms elements like facade systems made on earth too much higher precision, so we think is that combination is really the clue in building habitats on Mars, so this is our proposal, as you see, we didn't bring a massive 3D printer we bringing much smaller three.

1506
04:00:25.950 --> 04:00:40.890
Xavier De Kestelier: swarm robotic set of printers all working together to 3D print our Shell structure years before our astronauts arrive, and these are there's four different ones that we have we're going to get into detail of them, but.

1507
04:00:42.690 --> 04:00:48.210
Xavier De Kestelier: We were a little bit surprised the moment we saw this rendering because this rendering done by visualizing.

1508
04:00:48.600 --> 04:00:57.750
Xavier De Kestelier: showed our robotics done the job to finish the Shell structure on the foreground the right hand side they're all there we create the first boneyard of.

1509
04:00:58.110 --> 04:01:04.920
Xavier De Kestelier: robots they're not necessary anymore, and that was a shock to the system really and it really starts to think much, much harder.

1510
04:01:05.310 --> 04:01:22.830
Xavier De Kestelier: in how we should behave on Mars, how we should reuse and recycle things back to the drawing boards we redesigned our robots we made our robots now still Thomas, but now modular we could actually make different types of robots with a certain amount of.

1511
04:01:23.430 --> 04:01:28.320
Xavier De Kestelier: standard set of elements is a bit like a Lego system for robotics right having.

1512
04:01:29.610 --> 04:01:40.200
Xavier De Kestelier: A few legs having to take us coming together Center station coming together and we create a self 3D printer again now, we have different elements we have.

1513
04:01:41.760 --> 04:01:54.630
Xavier De Kestelier: A scatter was kind of a one real scout or we have done our digger which is completely based on the biggest developed by NASA in the swamp works team and.

1514
04:01:55.110 --> 04:02:08.310
Xavier De Kestelier: The last robot show that one is our printing robots, then that will use microwave technology to bring it all together and we just quickly here there we go.

1515
04:02:09.750 --> 04:02:10.410
Xavier De Kestelier: um.

1516
04:02:12.540 --> 04:02:26.670
Xavier De Kestelier: So our habitat and we thought, as most people talked about the idea of have a view to Mars is actually important, so how we're going to do this, we know how important this pieces on the ISS to coppola.

1517
04:02:27.300 --> 04:02:39.450
Xavier De Kestelier: And how does this actually protect it, which is kind of mechanical system that protect the windows and we thought we have a not a non mechanical way of solving this problem and more of an architectural one.

1518
04:02:40.050 --> 04:02:48.870
Xavier De Kestelier: So we've got this beautiful courtyard in the Mediterranean what's great about this well, you can get sunlight in.

1519
04:02:49.440 --> 04:03:02.250
Xavier De Kestelier: In get indirect lighting, but not direct lives because, of course, on Mars, that would actually mean much higher radiation in your habitats and, on top of that, you create a beautiful view across your habitats.

1520
04:03:02.820 --> 04:03:08.490
Xavier De Kestelier: Here doing some tests using our tools we use in in architecture on earth checking radiation.

1521
04:03:09.930 --> 04:03:18.180
Xavier De Kestelier: From this is a tool that we normally use for some radiation in a sea of a building up doesn't get too hot we did the same thing, but actually looking at the actual.

1522
04:03:19.440 --> 04:03:29.520
Xavier De Kestelier: camera ready radiation and here's our habitat, now we bring an indirect sunlight and we are able to get still that view across the habitat.

1523
04:03:30.990 --> 04:03:40.020
Xavier De Kestelier: So I have it exists, out of that Shell structure, then underneath we get these six inflatable pots, with some connection connectors in there.

1524
04:03:41.010 --> 04:03:55.110
Xavier De Kestelier: And if we go look living in detail, will see that we organize them as a big donut but then each pot is also organized in a circular way in a radial way there's no particular reason because.

1525
04:03:56.370 --> 04:04:05.070
Xavier De Kestelier: We looked at the ISS and we thought the way how we have the racks science racks and how they all fit it out in all these kind of cylindrical modules.

1526
04:04:05.550 --> 04:04:14.010
Xavier De Kestelier: We think there's actually a sort of movie I thought we could do better, and the way to do that was by looking at a very high tech solution.

1527
04:04:14.490 --> 04:04:26.250
Xavier De Kestelier: But, looking at archives of libraries, where you have these racks are able to open up and close up and that's a way to kind of really use space much more optimum right.

1528
04:04:26.700 --> 04:04:32.340
Xavier De Kestelier: So we maybe get away with this idea of having all these corridors and the aisense in space habitats.

1529
04:04:32.820 --> 04:04:48.180
Xavier De Kestelier: And that's what we did we have radio system, a rack system that exists out is movable radio racks that could be either science Rack, but could also be storage or it could be.

1530
04:04:48.990 --> 04:05:01.110
Xavier De Kestelier: A greenhouse and we can see that here, and each of our renderings, this is a science right so doing some work on maybe setting up an experiment, but once it's done, you can probably move that out of the way and go into normal.

1531
04:05:02.160 --> 04:05:21.540
Xavier De Kestelier: And I will do the same way for our greenhouse movable radio rack system and the same thing we can use it standard system and for also our gym, and this is also the the the private sleeping quarters of the astronauts it's always the same system, so it becomes really interchangeable.

1532
04:05:22.560 --> 04:05:34.110
Xavier De Kestelier: And we even have it here in our workshop, a very important place because people can have to fix stuff you know your car get a spare part that we have on the background, we have a large delta printer we have some laser cutter there.

1533
04:05:34.620 --> 04:05:41.190
Xavier De Kestelier: And also, we have a sewing machine, as you can see, you might want to Why would we have sewing machines, why would we do that for well.

1534
04:05:41.460 --> 04:06:00.060
Xavier De Kestelier: I believe we should actually do that as well, because we have to think about reusing and recycling materials is already fabric there, this is a picture of course St from perseveres Rover landed with the parishes, why not just think about reusing those materials as well, so for this project.

1535
04:06:00.240 --> 04:06:01.350
Xavier De Kestelier: We collaborated.

1536
04:06:01.410 --> 04:06:02.490
Xavier De Kestelier: With Chris ribbon.

1537
04:06:02.730 --> 04:06:08.760
Xavier De Kestelier: Is a fashion designer in Hackney and London and that's what we've been doing for the last 10 years he actually designs clothes.

1538
04:06:09.150 --> 04:06:28.530
Xavier De Kestelier: and makes clothes made out of already used materials, the simplest users, blankets, blankets US military equipment and also parachutes so he used his piece, for his archive that we could then use in our photoshoot for the renderings right there wasn't a studio in London.

1539
04:06:29.700 --> 04:06:41.400
Xavier De Kestelier: and Chris got so interested in an approach that he even then based his new collection is spring summer collection 20 on our design, and this is some of the pieces that they made for that.

1540
04:06:43.260 --> 04:06:46.530
Xavier De Kestelier: which was really cool collaboration rating and.

1541
04:06:47.910 --> 04:06:57.780
Xavier De Kestelier: Then further and furniture, but we thought, why not we actually make off over there on Mars and reuse waste plastics from.

1542
04:06:58.500 --> 04:07:11.070
Xavier De Kestelier: food packaging or from science experiments, again we collaborate again for this we collaborated with water management has Garcia hear me and him working at no foster foundation just over a year ago.

1543
04:07:11.520 --> 04:07:26.910
Xavier De Kestelier: And we decided that he would design special furniture made out of recycled plastics and that's actually his his factory and is is the design studio just outside Madrid, so we worked with him to create this.

1544
04:07:28.560 --> 04:07:36.810
Xavier De Kestelier: chair was this this kind of shares longer for Mars made out of this is actually made out of recycled medical equipment here.

1545
04:07:39.750 --> 04:07:45.720
Xavier De Kestelier: And then he does not all the furniture for most habitat, as you see here all 3D printed.

1546
04:07:48.030 --> 04:08:00.540
Xavier De Kestelier: The first collaboration is really important, so for this whole project, we also collaborated with Cranfield university with Professor David Cone and his students his students do and the students in system engineering.

1547
04:08:01.140 --> 04:08:05.520
Xavier De Kestelier: And that was quite important, because we could ask them interesting questions.

1548
04:08:06.150 --> 04:08:14.520
Xavier De Kestelier: Beginning of a project we looked at creating an inflatable as a support structure for the construction process of the 3D printing.

1549
04:08:15.180 --> 04:08:26.220
Xavier De Kestelier: We thought it was actually a bit of a dumb idea we want to waver in it, we got rid of it and we start looking at other more known architecture examples, this is saunas to Shimon museum that was.

1550
04:08:27.090 --> 04:08:34.950
Xavier De Kestelier: constructed by using earth for work, so what we then did we said okay well let's let's do it that way, well let's do earth for mark.

1551
04:08:35.310 --> 04:08:40.800
Xavier De Kestelier: and fill the whole shelters with loose regulate and the loose regular become support structure.

1552
04:08:41.160 --> 04:08:50.160
Xavier De Kestelier: But we thought well this might take too much energy is might be too long, so we then worked with the system engineers to kind of understand how long this will take.

1553
04:08:50.610 --> 04:08:59.880
Xavier De Kestelier: And they came back through the spreadsheets in and because they were good spreadsheets we were drawings and they came out ultimately longer which was, which was fine so.

1554
04:09:02.010 --> 04:09:05.940
Xavier De Kestelier: we're actually saying that what do you like your your your comment earlier.

1555
04:09:06.420 --> 04:09:10.830
Xavier De Kestelier: about the difference between architects system engineers what we did with my system engineers.

1556
04:09:11.130 --> 04:09:24.420
Xavier De Kestelier: The right hand drawing is, of course, done by us, and while the left hand drawing was also done by us, but with input from all the spreadsheets of this system engineer, so this really drawing this kind of dual droid shows the architecture.

1557
04:09:24.780 --> 04:09:32.400
Xavier De Kestelier: And the mission architecture and there's no magic together, so we really kind of this duality is actually really important.

1558
04:09:34.980 --> 04:09:43.440
Xavier De Kestelier: And then we're really lucky in the end, that every invited by the design museum for famous moving to Mars exhibition that is now.

1559
04:09:44.520 --> 04:09:55.140
Xavier De Kestelier: If you go to a Stockholm, we can see there and to actually build a full on one to one and what Microsoft yeah with the architects we love to make mockups work to build the real thing.

1560
04:09:55.470 --> 04:10:06.840
Xavier De Kestelier: And it was all that was important to do for us again the racks were actually movable people could come in into the exhibition move the racks try on the clothes even pretend there, there are astronauts and.

1561
04:10:07.530 --> 04:10:16.170
Xavier De Kestelier: And even that view out as important that was so important, so we had this massive video while you see on the left hand side that was all building real time in.

1562
04:10:18.060 --> 04:10:36.990
Xavier De Kestelier: In unreal gaming engine and you can see other astronauts astronauts be walking around in the other habitats and really the the light even change from day to night and so forth, to read to get that real kind of immersive experience, thank you.

1563
04:10:39.030 --> 04:10:41.280
Xavier De Kestelier: I kept the render 15 minutes now even shorter.

1564
04:10:43.170 --> 04:10:44.460
Xavier De Kestelier: Whether you're on mute.

1565
04:10:45.600 --> 04:10:53.310
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you baby, I was just good good can you slide back to that last image, when you showed the microscope.

1566
04:10:54.990 --> 04:10:55.710
Xavier De Kestelier: or this one.

1567
04:10:57.660 --> 04:11:07.320
Madhu Thangavelu: They never do you see a beautiful beautiful 19th century my microscope sitting there microscope don't look like that anymore, but you know if you.

1568
04:11:08.160 --> 04:11:21.030
Madhu Thangavelu: You know, when a child sees this drawing she or he would want to live there, because those are the kinds of things that we grew up with and it's a dealer to do a presentation.

1569
04:11:21.990 --> 04:11:33.270
Xavier De Kestelier: But we did actually check will do well, what would we take the Microsoft might be a bit, but we actually worked with sanjay gupta, who is a scientist on the curiosity Rover mission all.

1570
04:11:33.270 --> 04:11:41.430
Xavier De Kestelier: Right and we asked him you're going to tell us what should be in that lab it was actually really nice it has he even gave his.

1571
04:11:41.730 --> 04:11:46.230
Xavier De Kestelier: One of his hammers that he used as a teenager and he said, like you know what that hammer.

1572
04:11:46.650 --> 04:11:59.550
Xavier De Kestelier: I would still take that to Mars so some of the business or in there, and you can have all kind of scientists, working with us saying so, what would be really take the microscope maybe not but all the other bits they said, like well they probably would take stuff like that.

1573
04:12:00.120 --> 04:12:19.380
Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, and talking about microscopes I am also a fan of microscope Xavier because I think a geologist will be very, very it would be very helpful and now most of our spacecraft are starting to get more and more and magnification into their visual system Thank you so much.

1574
04:12:20.250 --> 04:12:21.690
Madhu Thangavelu: And we'll be in touch.

1575
04:12:22.110 --> 04:12:25.290
Madhu Thangavelu: Your savior and let us go on to.

1576
04:12:26.490 --> 04:12:37.470
Madhu Thangavelu: Denmark now and Sebastian is with us and I seem right there and go for it Sebastian you know we want you to tell us what time it is over there.

1577
04:12:37.800 --> 04:12:38.910
it's.

1578
04:12:39.990 --> 04:12:43.410
Madhu Thangavelu: Not and then a go on with your incredible project.

1579
04:12:43.980 --> 04:12:45.060
Sebastian: and your phone hi.

1580
04:12:45.600 --> 04:12:46.440
Sebastian: Thanks so much.

1581
04:12:47.460 --> 04:12:51.180
Madhu Thangavelu: you're welcome to me do you hear me okay.

1582
04:12:52.380 --> 04:12:55.890
Madhu Thangavelu: Well it's a little spotty, but we can see you.

1583
04:12:56.220 --> 04:13:03.000
Madhu Thangavelu: i'm going to get offline if that'll help a little bit and but then I want to mention now we are moving from.

1584
04:13:04.230 --> 04:13:04.890
Madhu Thangavelu: moon.

1585
04:13:05.160 --> 04:13:15.300
Madhu Thangavelu: To MARS and now to simulators and sebastian's group has done some fantastic work i'm so happy you're with us go for it.

1586
04:13:17.940 --> 04:13:22.920
Sebastian: Thank you so much, our intimate today's a little bit spotty, so I hope that you can hear me.

1587
04:13:25.080 --> 04:13:26.040
Sebastian: i'm just gonna.

1588
04:13:27.360 --> 04:13:31.140
Sebastian: person here we go alright so.

1589
04:13:34.800 --> 04:13:38.640
Sebastian: I come from sega space architects and today i'm mostly.

1590
04:13:40.020 --> 04:13:42.990
Sebastian: going to talk about out and Luna.

1591
04:13:45.720 --> 04:13:51.510
Sebastian: Luna analog mission to northern Greenland that I just got back from in December.

1592
04:13:54.150 --> 04:14:02.760
Sebastian: My name is Sebastian i'm one of the cofounders sega we have grown from to originally only two architects to add.

1593
04:14:06.630 --> 04:14:12.960
Sebastian: To a larger team that you can see here, I really hope you can see the screen, the Internet is is a little bit trickier than we are right now.

1594
04:14:13.020 --> 04:14:13.650
Sebastian: If you.

1595
04:14:13.710 --> 04:14:14.790
Sebastian: If if.

1596
04:14:16.530 --> 04:14:17.250
Sebastian: This is.

1597
04:14:18.390 --> 04:14:19.170
Madhu Thangavelu: Sebastian.

1598
04:14:19.200 --> 04:14:22.320
Madhu Thangavelu: If you turn off your camera I know that you have seen you.

1599
04:14:23.640 --> 04:14:28.770
Madhu Thangavelu: Will it help, but our case a little bit better yeah i'm wondering.

1600
04:14:31.020 --> 04:14:31.740
Go for it.

1601
04:14:32.790 --> 04:14:33.630
Sebastian: i'm going to try.

1602
04:14:33.900 --> 04:14:34.440
Madhu Thangavelu: To get help.

1603
04:14:35.610 --> 04:14:37.830
Madhu Thangavelu: will know, keep going yeah.

1604
04:14:37.860 --> 04:14:39.480
Sebastian: We only have 15 minutes.

1605
04:14:39.570 --> 04:14:42.870
Sebastian: We only have 15 minutes i'm going to keep it brief and.

1606
04:14:43.080 --> 04:14:44.670
Sebastian: 15 minute, but yeah so we started.

1607
04:14:44.670 --> 04:14:45.900
Sebastian: out a couple of years.

1608
04:14:46.140 --> 04:14:46.680
ago.

1609
04:14:48.090 --> 04:14:51.780
Sebastian: Doing conceptual architecture, and this is.

1610
04:14:52.800 --> 04:14:59.250
Sebastian: This is our competition proposal for the mass Tokyo competition, I think it wasn't 2018.

1611
04:15:00.360 --> 04:15:04.890
Sebastian: And we were lucky enough to win that competition, and this was a shelter in mass.

1612
04:15:06.870 --> 04:15:20.580
Sebastian: And we use the reason why it's so Harry is because use the special conditions of the Luna No, sorry after after martian dust to generate static electricity for the for the habitat.

1613
04:15:21.750 --> 04:15:25.980
Sebastian: Then we we really moved on and.

1614
04:15:27.150 --> 04:15:39.150
Sebastian: We participated in another concept competition for the moon village they had a competition, I think, early early 2019 or late 2018.

1615
04:15:40.500 --> 04:16:03.330
Sebastian: Where we did a proposal as well, and we were lucky enough to win that competition as well, and this was for a Luna home that we named this acadian Luna home, and this was the first time that we really investigated the idea of expanding architecture for first for for space architecture.

1616
04:16:06.510 --> 04:16:19.830
Sebastian: And this was kind of a this this was at this point, you were super theoretical still we were trying to find this much, much literature as we could to to learn about how how it would be possible.

1617
04:16:21.510 --> 04:16:28.110
Sebastian: But we have to after winning these two competitions, we were very focused on wanting to realize.

1618
04:16:29.280 --> 04:16:41.580
Sebastian: We believe that there's an inn in power in in in just the signing of the things but actually putting them out real life and and learning from that experience.

1619
04:16:43.080 --> 04:17:02.130
Sebastian: So we went we were lucky we were invited through to design the extension for our habitat as simulation habitat in Israel it's a mass simulation mission called mass and they needed extra space for the simulation astronauts.

1620
04:17:03.420 --> 04:17:06.690
Sebastian: And we always start with a model.

1621
04:17:07.860 --> 04:17:10.290
Sebastian: So so before we do anything in.

1622
04:17:11.550 --> 04:17:20.550
Sebastian: In in full scale we like to to work in at a smaller scale, and then, as we get confidence in the design and in.

1623
04:17:22.800 --> 04:17:24.060
Sebastian: he's a bike detection.

1624
04:17:25.980 --> 04:17:27.780
Sebastian: scale and oven complexity.

1625
04:17:29.010 --> 04:17:32.370
Sebastian: And that's something you'll see later on, as well and.

1626
04:17:34.050 --> 04:17:46.620
Sebastian: I hope I really hope videos come through i'm i'm a little i'm a little unsure whether or not you'll be able to see this as well as I do, but here we are in the desert of us from testing our unfolding skeleton.

1627
04:17:47.280 --> 04:17:48.300
Sebastian: We are able to.

1628
04:17:49.260 --> 04:17:51.300
Madhu Thangavelu: Spot Sebastian but it's okay.

1629
04:17:52.230 --> 04:17:56.400
Sebastian: yeah yeah there's there's not that many video, so I think we'll be fine.

1630
04:18:03.420 --> 04:18:07.560
Sebastian: I want some time, and you know our our most recent project.

1631
04:18:09.090 --> 04:18:11.550
Sebastian: But yeah after coming back from the desert of Israel.

1632
04:18:12.750 --> 04:18:13.500
Sebastian: We were.

1633
04:18:14.580 --> 04:18:20.580
Sebastian: super hungry we we had done conceptual work both in our studies in the competitions that we had one.

1634
04:18:21.810 --> 04:18:30.330
Sebastian: We have done a lot of theoretical work, but we really wanted to test the architecture, because we had all these subsystems of.

1635
04:18:31.170 --> 04:18:50.700
Sebastian: circadian light panels and LG reactor all of these things, and after being in the desert of Israel, you really, really understood how important it was for our work that that we tested in real life, and we we looked at the kind of state of the arts places.

1636
04:18:51.930 --> 04:18:52.800
Sebastian: around the world.

1637
04:18:54.540 --> 04:19:01.710
Sebastian: To the in the desert and there was it seemed like there was one big thing that was missing.

1638
04:19:02.970 --> 04:19:08.370
Sebastian: So either so so there's a couple of of analog missions around the world that test.

1639
04:19:09.870 --> 04:19:24.270
Sebastian: That that does all the studies under extreme environments right and that's super common we think that's that's that's crucial if you really want to start the architecture, if the architecture is a countermeasure.

1640
04:19:26.070 --> 04:19:27.960
Sebastian: For all the.

1641
04:19:36.720 --> 04:19:38.220
Madhu Thangavelu: We lost you there for a minute.

1642
04:19:42.780 --> 04:19:44.640
Madhu Thangavelu: Can you hear me Sebastian.

1643
04:19:48.780 --> 04:19:49.860
Madhu Thangavelu: We lost you.

1644
04:19:59.220 --> 04:20:00.480
Madhu Thangavelu: Can Can you help.

1645
04:20:01.740 --> 04:20:03.330
AIAA LA-LV: them taking on it okay.

1646
04:20:05.070 --> 04:20:08.130
AIAA LA-LV: yeah I think he's completely off oh he's here.

1647
04:20:09.870 --> 04:20:11.820
AIAA LA-LV: he's still here, but I think his Internet.

1648
04:20:13.230 --> 04:20:13.800
AIAA LA-LV: Over there.

1649
04:20:23.640 --> 04:20:24.720
Sebastian: Alright, so.

1650
04:20:25.440 --> 04:20:27.030
Sebastian: i'm sorry i'm back now.

1651
04:20:28.080 --> 04:20:39.720
Sebastian: We are just getting a new Internet in my apartment yeah okay so so everything is you're running a mobile hotspot yet and but yeah so.

1652
04:20:40.710 --> 04:20:42.450
Sebastian: yeah so but we really wanted to.

1653
04:20:42.450 --> 04:20:54.510
Sebastian: understand if you're going to to test and do psychological studies understanding social dynamics and all of these things that that you really want to understand about astronauts in space.

1654
04:20:54.930 --> 04:21:05.730
Sebastian: You have to simulate the stressors that the astronauts experience, while they are under mission, and so, and so, and there was only a couple of simulate.

1655
04:21:08.160 --> 04:21:17.970
Sebastian: missions run was meeting that and at the same time we also really wanted to study the architecture really understand what.

1656
04:21:18.330 --> 04:21:31.620
Sebastian: What kinds of the architecture and could be improved, what worked what didn't work how well did it work and it seemed like in a lot of the other analog nations around the world, the architecture was secondary.

1657
04:21:32.790 --> 04:21:37.260
Sebastian: There was a lot of things and and it almost seemed like the architecture was an afterthought.

1658
04:21:43.200 --> 04:21:43.650
Mahsa Esfand: Why.

1659
04:21:44.940 --> 04:21:46.350
AIAA LA-LV: Only the desktop young.

1660
04:21:46.500 --> 04:21:48.900
Sebastian: I I seems like now.

1661
04:21:49.620 --> 04:21:51.210
AIAA LA-LV: know is the desktop.

1662
04:21:53.640 --> 04:21:56.190
Sebastian: it's are you seeing a black slide.

1663
04:21:56.820 --> 04:21:58.500
AIAA LA-LV: Now we're seeing that your.

1664
04:21:58.560 --> 04:22:00.540
AIAA LA-LV: Computer windows background.

1665
04:22:01.650 --> 04:22:04.860
AIAA LA-LV: The desktop background was the folders.

1666
04:22:06.960 --> 04:22:09.210
AIAA LA-LV: Let me try here we go.

1667
04:22:11.460 --> 04:22:14.250
Sebastian: yeah I we can you see something now.

1668
04:22:15.240 --> 04:22:15.600
Mahsa Esfand: Yes.

1669
04:22:15.660 --> 04:22:17.760
Sebastian: Yes, yes, yes yeah.

1670
04:22:18.360 --> 04:22:19.590
Madhu Thangavelu: You see, the words on the screen.

1671
04:22:20.970 --> 04:22:21.330
Sebastian: yeah.

1672
04:22:25.020 --> 04:22:25.890
Sebastian: yeah so.

1673
04:22:28.440 --> 04:22:34.500
Sebastian: The reason why I showed this picture of the ISS is just this this is at this point, this is the state of.

1674
04:22:35.400 --> 04:22:50.460
Sebastian: The art of space architecture right, this is what this is the actual space I teach that exists look like and and if, if you are, if you are far away in one of the most hostile and minds humans can imagine.

1675
04:22:53.100 --> 04:22:53.700
Okay.

1676
04:22:57.120 --> 04:22:57.450
yeah.

1677
04:23:18.390 --> 04:23:21.390
Madhu Thangavelu: We we lost you again Sebastian.

1678
04:23:23.130 --> 04:23:30.150
Sebastian: yeah i'm so sorry i'm just trying one last desperate attempt, and we hope it works okay.

1679
04:23:34.050 --> 04:23:50.610
Sebastian: All right, I think I think it should be a little bit better now all right i'm going to move on a little bit, and this is just an image of maybe the, the most important piece of space architecture that exists, right now, the image of after kugler on the international space station.

1680
04:23:51.570 --> 04:23:52.110
that's correct.

1681
04:23:54.810 --> 04:23:55.740
Sebastian: yeah and.

1682
04:23:57.420 --> 04:24:01.020
Sebastian: i'm going to move past this a little bit, but so.

1683
04:24:02.460 --> 04:24:12.570
Sebastian: Space architecture is you, you have the opportunity with space architecture to make completely climate controlled environment, you can make.

1684
04:24:13.770 --> 04:24:16.800
Sebastian: You can make the perfect temperature the perfect the.

1685
04:24:17.940 --> 04:24:30.870
Sebastian: humidity the perfect light in Miami and you can basically design everything because it's a completely controlled environment, but we don't think that's the best way to go about this, we think that that humans really need variation.

1686
04:24:32.400 --> 04:24:42.300
Sebastian: Without variation you start to lose the sense of time and you don't and people people because of corona a lot of people like can actually relate.

1687
04:24:43.080 --> 04:24:54.630
Sebastian: And you cannot remember when all the days look the same you cannot remember when you talk with your mom was it two days ago, was it five days ago, was it was it last week.

1688
04:24:55.560 --> 04:25:07.260
Sebastian: So you start to lose the sense of time and at the same time, if everything is monotone and nothing is great right a beautiful day is only beautiful because there's a bad day by day.

1689
04:25:09.150 --> 04:25:15.090
Sebastian: So you need that kind of contrast, and that was also one of the starting point for our habitat agreement.

1690
04:25:15.900 --> 04:25:24.450
Sebastian: So we so we really take off two problems, which is also what regenerative focus on and that's the the lack of stimulation and space is an issue.

1691
04:25:24.930 --> 04:25:34.080
Sebastian: And then we wanted to create an expandable structure and expandable structure this we talked there was a lot of presentations today about expanded the structures.

1692
04:25:35.100 --> 04:25:35.400
Sebastian: But.

1693
04:25:37.350 --> 04:25:58.140
Sebastian: There was a lot of talk today about expendable structures but we really wanted to do expandable the architecture, because of privacy and in the in the habitat that we were designing or West for the near future missions The item is missions, where the volume available is extremely small.

1694
04:25:59.520 --> 04:26:14.640
Sebastian: And that finally brings me to learn and so tonight is our moon analog that we did in Northern Greenland where me and my co founder was the the participants in the in the study for 100 days.

1695
04:26:15.660 --> 04:26:30.330
Sebastian: 5500 kilometers from Denmark far in the north above the polar polar line, all the way up at the at the at the edge of the ice cap.

1696
04:26:31.650 --> 04:26:38.910
Sebastian: And we spent we spent nine months, developing the unfolding origami that.

1697
04:26:40.800 --> 04:26:47.760
Sebastian: That makes the habitat and it was a painful process and we talked with a lot of experts, both from NASA and around the world, and everybody told us.

1698
04:26:48.120 --> 04:26:58.770
Sebastian: It cannot be done, you cannot make a closed volume expandable our recap me structure with with rigid rigid shells and and we almost need them.

1699
04:26:59.310 --> 04:27:11.310
Sebastian: But through prototyping and some flexible seems we were actually able to do it and, as you can see, here we are moving up into scale, so it becomes larger and larger.

1700
04:27:11.880 --> 04:27:23.910
Sebastian: And we get more and more confidence with the with the geometry the materials and because we also needed, one thing is to make something phone, but you also need to make it fold and be durable in the tough acting environment.

1701
04:27:25.590 --> 04:27:45.180
Sebastian: And here, you can see me and my co founder 16 days before the 16 hours sorry before departure, we finally wrapped the project we we packed the headset down put it in a container and luckily it fits with just one inch on each side of a free free space.

1702
04:27:46.800 --> 04:27:59.970
Sebastian: You can see me and my co founder dragging the habitat and the black sand of the northern agreement at the beginning of the expedition where the temperatures were mild here, we are just below freezing.

1703
04:28:01.020 --> 04:28:09.420
Sebastian: And it was very important for us to create a habitat that could be completely deployed by a crew of to without heavy machinery.

1704
04:28:11.670 --> 04:28:21.690
Sebastian: And here I hope I really hope this translate there well i'm going to leave it running for just a couple of more frames and here you can see, this over the duration of 10 hours.

1705
04:28:22.110 --> 04:28:31.320
Sebastian: In the Arctic snowy conditions we are unfolding the habitat, they have a tennis made out of carbon fiber aluminum and accomplices, a flexible seem.

1706
04:28:32.340 --> 04:28:35.340
Sebastian: And it's it's super lightweight and that made it deployable.

1707
04:28:36.630 --> 04:28:47.580
Sebastian: And we were very satisfied with the day expand expansion, we had more than 750% volume after expansion.

1708
04:28:49.200 --> 04:29:08.010
Sebastian: Is a couple of images of the habitat, so they have a tell us the signed to be at the peak of eternal lights on the on the South pole of them so so the entire facade or the exterior of the habitat is covered in solar panels these tiny small.

1709
04:29:09.270 --> 04:29:23.700
Sebastian: very thin flexible solar panels, and so we could generate energy and utilize the local environment after the south pole of the moon, and at the same time and then North Pole.

1710
04:29:24.390 --> 04:29:38.610
Sebastian: Also, has these very extreme lighting conditions so for the first 30 days of expedition we had sunlight all the time, but for the last 30 days of the expedition we didn't see the sun go above the horizon one.

1711
04:29:39.960 --> 04:29:40.560
Sebastian: and

1712
04:29:41.760 --> 04:29:42.720
Sebastian: And you can see me.

1713
04:29:44.340 --> 04:29:50.760
Sebastian: While we were setting up camp, we had we had some issues of a very strong winds that we had prepared for with these.

1714
04:29:51.240 --> 04:30:08.100
Sebastian: very long earth anchors that had to be hammered down manually into the frozen ground and then of course that's not an issue on the moon, but but at some point we had to develop the habitat to withstand the strong winds and not just the human mind.

1715
04:30:11.280 --> 04:30:19.320
Sebastian: And the entire analog expedition was very true to what moon expedition would be.

1716
04:30:19.980 --> 04:30:31.530
Sebastian: We had the design and develop these carbon fiber space helmets that we want all the time, if we were going outside and the great thing about being in northern Greenland is that it was extremely cold.

1717
04:30:32.430 --> 04:30:42.660
Sebastian: And so that meant that there was no way of cheating, we have to have our space suit on at all times, after just a few weeks back to the temperature was that code.

1718
04:30:43.470 --> 04:30:55.740
Sebastian: And so, so it was also and then that's really why we chose the active and northern green and it's in northern Greenland, or you can pick the south pole.

1719
04:30:56.760 --> 04:31:01.170
Sebastian: The North Pole right, but because we are in Denmark and it's closer to the North Pole we picked the North Pole.

1720
04:31:01.650 --> 04:31:15.060
Sebastian: And the reason why we picked the North Pole is because you have these interesting lighting conditions that are somewhat similar to what what the stress us astronauts would experience on the moon, with a with long periods of darkness and long periods of something.

1721
04:31:16.200 --> 04:31:29.430
Sebastian: Then it's extremely cold So if you go outside it's not a vacuum, but you can get frostbite right so there's that stress and that's real and so you're very confined then it's it's isolated so there's.

1722
04:31:30.510 --> 04:31:45.870
Sebastian: A you know we were far away from from anything living and you need to solve all your problems yourself and there was a tremendous challenge and a huge amount of stress during the expedition that far away from everyone.

1723
04:31:46.530 --> 04:31:53.220
Sebastian: And then the last thing is, you have a very monotone landscapes, you have a landscape, without a lot of nature and a lot of life and.

1724
04:31:53.940 --> 04:32:08.520
Sebastian: The only animals that that that was there was an Arctic fox us and the occasional polar bear we had one polar bear encounter but but but luckily, it was just a curious polar bear and and and now they're hungry one.

1725
04:32:10.170 --> 04:32:18.240
Sebastian: So you can see, this on one of our eds a climbing up one of the nearest mountains in the beginning of the expedition while we still had sunlight.

1726
04:32:19.410 --> 04:32:21.780
Sebastian: And at this point we had spent so much and.

1727
04:32:22.890 --> 04:32:35.250
Sebastian: Inside the habitat, I think this is after a month, a month yeah and and we already experienced a lot of muscle atrophy, even though we try to work out every other day.

1728
04:32:37.110 --> 04:32:55.320
Sebastian: Inside the habitat, one of the big interior design elements that we wanted to test because of the extreme like conditions, and this is a system that that we tested for for habitat on the moon as well right, so we created these acadian light panels and these they basically simulate sunlight.

1729
04:32:57.180 --> 04:32:59.610
Sebastian: Independently of what the lightest outside.

1730
04:33:00.750 --> 04:33:11.100
Sebastian: So, so we simulate it the lighting environment that Danish lightning environment because we are from Denmark and throughout the entire expedition so we would wake up with sunlight.

1731
04:33:11.610 --> 04:33:21.120
Sebastian: At sunrise and throughout the day that would be daylight different intensities color temperatures of daylight when we would have sunset and twilight.

1732
04:33:21.810 --> 04:33:30.900
Sebastian: And, and we participated in a lot of studies our own research projects, but also we were kind of guinea pigs in a lot of other.

1733
04:33:31.530 --> 04:33:42.480
Sebastian: research groups external studies and and if there was mostly psychological studies and include dynamics and sleep studies, but.

1734
04:33:43.380 --> 04:33:55.650
Sebastian: One of the biggest and all that data is is has been handed in January to all the researchers and it's been analyzed and hopefully within the end of the year, all the papers will be published, but we.

1735
04:33:57.570 --> 04:34:06.120
Sebastian: But from my own intuitive understanding and what I felt throughout the expedition the lighting panels was one of the biggest.

1736
04:34:06.780 --> 04:34:15.390
Sebastian: contributors to well being throughout the expedition and we did continuous cognitive tests and and we actually performed.

1737
04:34:15.960 --> 04:34:25.140
Sebastian: There was no difference before the expedition during the expeditions about after an expedition in cognitive ability in in in short term memory.

1738
04:34:25.860 --> 04:34:35.370
Sebastian: In reaction time and all these things, the actual distinct the same through which either proves that that me in Calgary at super humans are the architecture.

1739
04:34:35.970 --> 04:34:47.610
Sebastian: worked really well and and I think it's the ladder, because we are definitely just civilians, we don't have any astronaut or a military survival training.

1740
04:34:48.840 --> 04:35:02.370
Sebastian: So here's an image of Carl during one of the more saturated intense sunsets inside the habitat so so we didn't have any control and the and the programming of the candles they were pre programmed.

1741
04:35:03.450 --> 04:35:15.540
Sebastian: With variation so the days wouldn't look the same that was one of the biggest things so one day would be a beautiful sunrise and other day would be here at boring Gray, some some nice.

1742
04:35:16.980 --> 04:35:29.670
Sebastian: It was very small, even though they had expanded 750% if footprint deliverable footprint on the first floor was only a phone half square meters that's incredibly.

1743
04:35:30.420 --> 04:35:50.130
Sebastian: that's very small and, but we did we had to flexible furniture, so we could fold up the tables and use the space to work out and we use the tall space of the total volume of Interior to have sleeping parts just beneath the move.

1744
04:35:52.440 --> 04:36:00.720
Sebastian: To the left here, you can see an image of the taken outside on one of the last days of some sunlight and throughout the Alex.

1745
04:36:01.290 --> 04:36:16.290
Sebastian: And so the entire have a turtle is organized completely like a speech habitat habitat would be organized, so we also had an analog in our case, the lab was great because that would we wouldn't lose that much heat when whenever one of us have to do any the.

1746
04:36:17.880 --> 04:36:26.670
Sebastian: And on the right, you can see an image of the habitats during the dark periods, I think this is in the middle of the day, but the SP basically know something.

1747
04:36:28.050 --> 04:36:41.070
Sebastian: We also developed our own entire habitat brain, we have a couple of programmers data scientists on our team and they develop the entire technical parts of it i'm not going to go too much into detail on that.

1748
04:36:42.120 --> 04:36:51.330
Sebastian: But we named it Odin and it basically collect the data from similar Dudes who sends us around the habitat and that we are still analyzing now.

1749
04:36:51.960 --> 04:37:02.790
Sebastian: And here continue using the interface checking the temperatures and after different sensors the different spaces inside the habitat throughout the night and that's something we did frequently.

1750
04:37:04.470 --> 04:37:13.140
Sebastian: And this is the last image taken off the habitat, this is a full moon and for the curious are there, their day.

1751
04:37:14.250 --> 04:37:27.330
Sebastian: Cyber detective someday you can see, up to right here, I believe it's either dead pixel in the camera because of the freezing cold, it is a picture of mass flowing with and and.

1752
04:37:28.290 --> 04:37:39.270
Sebastian: So here, you can see it's it's minus at this point it's the windchill is minus 41 degrees Celsius, which is also about minus 41 Fahrenheit that's where the to.

1753
04:37:40.410 --> 04:37:52.830
Sebastian: overlap so that's that's easy to remember and the wind speeds at this point in the world is incredible some days the walls of the habitat would.

1754
04:37:54.180 --> 04:37:56.070
Sebastian: would move kind of briefing.

1755
04:37:57.900 --> 04:38:09.660
Sebastian: here's rendering on the left of what we thought they would look like halfway through development and on the right is what it actually ended up looking like I think quite some.

1756
04:38:10.710 --> 04:38:17.880
Sebastian: And i'm almost at the end, but I just want to show you something behind the scenes, I think this is something that I wish.

1757
04:38:18.780 --> 04:38:25.800
Sebastian: To see in a lot of other projects but, basically, how is it built and we build everything from scratch ourselves there was only.

1758
04:38:26.190 --> 04:38:33.930
Sebastian: I think it's about 10 wilts in the aluminum that we didn't make ourselves because I equipment couldn't have handled that number of.

1759
04:38:34.710 --> 04:38:48.930
Sebastian: Energy and so, so the entire habitat or the aluminum we machine that ourselves the carbon fiber panel that we we cut it ourselves and assemble everything with the in our workshop in Copenhagen, and we continue.

1760
04:38:49.590 --> 04:38:56.100
Sebastian: Today, in the same workshop space doing prototypes and developing our our architecture.

1761
04:38:57.330 --> 04:38:58.080
Sebastian: And here, you can see.

1762
04:38:59.910 --> 04:39:00.930
Sebastian: Some of our.

1763
04:39:03.030 --> 04:39:10.140
Sebastian: Some of our TEAM members assembling the flexible seems and all the different bolts and nuts that that pulls this habitat together.

1764
04:39:11.700 --> 04:39:22.260
Sebastian: And you can see us using very primitive techniques to lift the top Shell up, it was it was a large piece to manually move around, but but.

1765
04:39:23.160 --> 04:39:36.240
Sebastian: Because we've made of aluminum in carbon fiber it's actually not that hard to handle for group of people and on the right, you see the entire battery box wrapped in Captain tape before shipment.

1766
04:39:37.800 --> 04:39:42.510
Sebastian: And here's an image of the team, a couple of days before the final.

1767
04:39:44.310 --> 04:39:44.790
departure.

1768
04:39:47.010 --> 04:39:56.490
Sebastian: But yeah so we work with expandable structures, and now we also getting into 3D printing, we believe that there is a huge opportunity with 3D printing.

1769
04:39:58.710 --> 04:40:09.600
Sebastian: In space and, of course, a lot of people have already worked with with 3D printing, especially with the NASA 3D printing challenge and, but we want to use it.

1770
04:40:10.080 --> 04:40:18.840
Sebastian: We want to do it on earth so here's a project that we're doing right now, this is the project we started right when we got back where we are developing.

1771
04:40:19.800 --> 04:40:32.040
Sebastian: Together with the real estate developer and 3D print printer manufacturer called Cobra they made large construction printers in Denmark printing with concrete and we are doing.

1772
04:40:33.240 --> 04:40:34.230
Sebastian: 30 houses.

1773
04:40:35.400 --> 04:40:37.530
Sebastian: that are going to be 3D printed this year.

1774
04:40:38.850 --> 04:40:49.080
Sebastian: And this is not the House, this is just to show you the most recent project it printed with the printer, and this is a foundation hundred and 30 ton concrete foundation of a windmill tunnel.

1775
04:40:50.340 --> 04:41:04.350
Sebastian: And he has a visualization of the architecture that we're working through right now, and the reason that we're doing that, as we believe that there's an opportunity to really measure our design techniques and understanding the process here on earth before.

1776
04:41:06.120 --> 04:41:21.840
Sebastian: taking it into space and we, this is our take on developing all these technologies, we need to have a sustainable business model around our entire company, so we can keep doing r&d and keep doing these.

1777
04:41:22.350 --> 04:41:32.970
Sebastian: Research projects but do it in them financially feasible way and finding projects where we can test parts of space architecture.

1778
04:41:34.680 --> 04:41:38.580
Sebastian: to fund our space architecture ideas is super crucial for us.

1779
04:41:40.230 --> 04:41:40.590
Sebastian: So.

1780
04:41:41.760 --> 04:41:49.830
Sebastian: that's what I had for you today i'm so sorry for the spotty Internet I hope that was okay to the end and.

1781
04:41:51.510 --> 04:42:08.190
Madhu Thangavelu: The material made up for that technological problem Sebastian I mean it's a very interesting project now, I have two questions, one is, are you both friends after after this.

1782
04:42:12.000 --> 04:42:13.290
Sebastian: yeah that's a valid question.

1783
04:42:14.430 --> 04:42:31.890
Sebastian: When you live next to somebody for such a long time, and the wall to the toilet is just one and a half centimeter you really learn to know each other too well, but, but it was actually amazing what we learned was there was conflict, but we would never go to bed.

1784
04:42:32.940 --> 04:42:42.450
Sebastian: You know, being not friends, but what happens when you are so reliant on each other for surviving these extreme conditions and extreme environment.

1785
04:42:42.750 --> 04:42:50.130
Sebastian: You you make it work, and it was actually normally I don't like the sound of a person snoring while i'm trying to fall asleep.

1786
04:42:50.550 --> 04:43:02.550
Sebastian: But listening to cal snore in the in the night was actually a pleasant sound when the when the alternative was just a storm outside a little bit sound a little bit noise from life so yeah.

1787
04:43:02.550 --> 04:43:15.030
Madhu Thangavelu: That that was My other question did this tom's bother you because i've heard horror stories about how people behave when these howling storms happen in the south Pole and so on.

1788
04:43:16.020 --> 04:43:19.920
Madhu Thangavelu: it's unbearable there you really go wacko.

1789
04:43:21.240 --> 04:43:21.510
Sebastian: yeah.

1790
04:43:21.600 --> 04:43:32.850
Madhu Thangavelu: Now, that is a good point that you make we gotta run along Thank you so much Sebastian to take for you to take the time and say hello to cons for me.

1791
04:43:34.080 --> 04:43:40.230
Madhu Thangavelu: And that the rest of your team, we hope to see more of you in the coming few events.

1792
04:43:40.920 --> 04:43:42.030
Sebastian: Thank you, thank you so much.

1793
04:43:45.780 --> 04:43:50.070
Madhu Thangavelu: We are now on to our friend from.

1794
04:43:51.270 --> 04:44:05.190
Madhu Thangavelu: North Dakota and Professor Pablo dalio has created a very unique program there at the university that squarely deals with the.

1795
04:44:05.790 --> 04:44:23.790
Madhu Thangavelu: Humans in space, because he is a spacesuit designer of sports, we had a hard time picking the picture for you Pablo on the on the flyer and which are we going to put both pictures on there one with the suit and one with your beautiful smile Pablo Please go ahead.

1796
04:44:24.660 --> 04:44:38.430
Pablo De Leon: mother, thank you very much, thank you for the invitation, thank you for for Ai de la I hope you're all able to hear me and the screen is being shared with their full screen with the presentation.

1797
04:44:38.760 --> 04:44:39.390
Madhu Thangavelu: very clear.

1798
04:44:39.750 --> 04:44:42.180
Pablo De Leon: Okay, great so um.

1799
04:44:42.510 --> 04:44:43.140
Pablo De Leon: I work.

1800
04:44:43.200 --> 04:44:54.330
Pablo De Leon: At the Department of space studies at the University of North Dakota also very cold, but not as cold as Sebastian the place where where's the restroom West station.

1801
04:44:55.830 --> 04:44:59.730
Pablo De Leon: And over the years we've built a number of.

1802
04:45:00.600 --> 04:45:10.800
Pablo De Leon: Having dead, some of them inflatable and some of them are raging and i'm going to briefly cover some of the of the things that we're doing if they're seeing so so many impressive concepts.

1803
04:45:11.130 --> 04:45:23.880
Pablo De Leon: Of of the colleagues presenting before me, I feel a little bit kind of humble because our project is very simple, if you compare which so many of the interesting concept that we saw.

1804
04:45:24.990 --> 04:45:32.160
Pablo De Leon: Today, in any case, my name of my presentation is planetary having that I looked at the University of North Dakota but.

1805
04:45:32.550 --> 04:45:44.760
Pablo De Leon: We can also call it, why you shouldn't let an engineer design space having done without supervision, and if you bear with me i'll i'll tell you a little bit more way way, I think, on.

1806
04:45:44.970 --> 04:45:47.220
Madhu Thangavelu: This day, thank you, Bob oh that's a good one.

1807
04:45:47.820 --> 04:45:48.870
Madhu Thangavelu: So um.

1808
04:45:49.590 --> 04:45:57.660
Pablo De Leon: So mother said, my area of expertise and mainly what we do in the lab is spacesuits we specialize in planetary spacesuits.

1809
04:45:58.290 --> 04:46:06.900
Pablo De Leon: through different NASA research projects NASA grounds, as opposed to microgravity suits that you will use, for example in international space station's.

1810
04:46:07.770 --> 04:46:13.800
Pablo De Leon: These are suits that are specifically developed to have a higher lower torso mobility.

1811
04:46:13.980 --> 04:46:29.970
Pablo De Leon: So you can actually walk something that you'll need to do in microgravity So what we try to research is or isn't the kinematics and the reducing the gravity gradients so that's mainly what we do and we have been doing through the years a number of products spacesuits.

1812
04:46:31.050 --> 04:46:32.430
Pablo De Leon: Some of them more.

1813
04:46:33.720 --> 04:46:56.580
Pablo De Leon: designed for the myers environment and some others for the Lunar environment, and you know the differences are dust composition gravity and a number of other internal issues that pertain to the lack of atmosphere on on the moon versus the lower atmosphere that we have on Mars so.

1814
04:46:57.600 --> 04:47:03.480
Pablo De Leon: Again, this was our area of expertise and you'll say what these have to do we have it gets.

1815
04:47:04.710 --> 04:47:10.530
Pablo De Leon: If you think about a spacesuit and I think it was mentioned before, by field.

1816
04:47:12.090 --> 04:47:18.780
Pablo De Leon: As the materials have a spatial, then the materials are fun inflatable having that are very, very similar So what we did was.

1817
04:47:19.320 --> 04:47:26.940
Pablo De Leon: In one of the signs of one of our suits and the ax two would you say rear entry in suit similar to the Russian Orleans.

1818
04:47:27.240 --> 04:47:44.700
Pablo De Leon: A or the new X em meal that that will be used in Archimedes is that they have a real entry system we do what is called a suit port and I saw that before was mentioned my my friend mark Cohen, who actually he was the designer and the.

1819
04:47:45.720 --> 04:47:59.100
Pablo De Leon: inventor of the concept of the shipboard this door that East position outside of this in the in the back of his spaceship and through a mechanical seal you can leave the.

1820
04:47:59.730 --> 04:48:20.520
Pablo De Leon: spacecraft or the heavy dead without introducing dust into the living quarters so some years ago we develop a prototype of a space suit and while I was looking at the arm of the index to I said well you know if we kind of scale up these arm, which is basically a flexible.

1821
04:48:23.310 --> 04:48:29.730
Pablo De Leon: structure, we can have we can build a house, so we send the proposal to NASA which.

1822
04:48:30.390 --> 04:48:36.480
Pablo De Leon: was called an integrated strategies for a human exploration of the moon or Mars, but basically had the idea to test.

1823
04:48:36.810 --> 04:48:52.860
Pablo De Leon: three concepts, the spacesuit connected to the pressurized Rover and the pressure is Robert connected to the habitat and then you can disconnect all these three different components and connect them back again so again we'll keep the dust outside of the habits or bad was the idea.

1824
04:48:55.170 --> 04:48:59.730
Pablo De Leon: So we got the grant and the initial concept was this one was.

1825
04:49:01.800 --> 04:49:08.340
Pablo De Leon: An airtight membrane the bladder which is hypothetically we're going to pressurize.

1826
04:49:10.170 --> 04:49:29.430
Pablo De Leon: Enough so the astronauts could be in a in a pressurized environment, and then they can build the structure we with metal or compulsive elements and build a floor the walls etc to later with all the equipment inside so that was the original idea that we had at that time.

1827
04:49:30.960 --> 04:49:47.640
Pablo De Leon: and also this model was going to be connected through a tunnel that will connect mechanically to the Rover and then these connect, just like in the airplanes that you remove the gate in order for the airplane to to go so something along those lines, so we started building it.

1828
04:49:49.020 --> 04:50:06.870
Pablo De Leon: It was work of a couple of years first instructor, then the covering of the world's ceiling all the internal a accommodations for the for the habitat again, remember, we have to also designed the mechanical driving system to connect with the Rover.

1829
04:50:08.040 --> 04:50:14.370
Pablo De Leon: Inside he was very, very simple just science area for sleeping quarters very crumble once.

1830
04:50:15.600 --> 04:50:17.340
Pablo De Leon: I hygiene area which is.

1831
04:50:18.690 --> 04:50:20.670
Pablo De Leon: kind of a technical name for the bathroom.

1832
04:50:22.590 --> 04:50:24.750
Pablo De Leon: Small kitchen on a meeting area.

1833
04:50:25.830 --> 04:50:30.030
Pablo De Leon: dining area so that was our original model.

1834
04:50:31.950 --> 04:50:45.270
Pablo De Leon: You can see here from a top view of how it was going to be a and here you can see, during the first mission that we did just in one side of the university to see how everything works once we put the.

1835
04:50:45.780 --> 04:50:52.410
Pablo De Leon: bladder the membrane on the habitat, plus the pressurized Rover plus the pressurized spacesuits.

1836
04:50:53.130 --> 04:51:00.000
Pablo De Leon: You can see here a side of the Rover where you can see, the two suits that are connected i'll show you another picture.

1837
04:51:00.840 --> 04:51:17.130
Pablo De Leon: How their suits were attached to this support system were releasing lever, you can be touch the suit from the Rover and then you have to walk back and connect back again, which is a maneuver through these kind of difficult.

1838
04:51:18.480 --> 04:51:33.030
Pablo De Leon: And then we started doing a number of animations just to see to test a number of different systems in the habitat, but also to test the spaces to perform different EAS with different experiments etc now.

1839
04:51:34.470 --> 04:51:44.280
Pablo De Leon: They inside it doesn't look like 2001 a space odyssey or anything like that he said very, very I can see simple Spartan interior.

1840
04:51:44.610 --> 04:51:51.570
Pablo De Leon: of May and we're looking at this picture from the kind of the science era era and that they were specifically.

1841
04:51:51.840 --> 04:52:03.510
Pablo De Leon: Was was everything was very nice organizing so because there was the beginning of the mission when when the crew members are setting everything rarely and getting the experiments getting the food etc in the proper places so.

1842
04:52:03.930 --> 04:52:15.480
Pablo De Leon: But, as you can see inside it doesn't look anything like some of the concepts that we saw earlier today, this is a very kind of utilitarian you can tell that this was you know build by by by an engineer certainly.

1843
04:52:16.920 --> 04:52:30.720
Pablo De Leon: So these are just some pictures of living in the habitat with the the emissions of after 30 days so far, you can see, for example here, this is the tunnel that connects with the Rover so you can.

1844
04:52:31.260 --> 04:52:41.220
Pablo De Leon: You crawl from the habitat to the Rover you pass through and then through our remote control system really touch the gate we can call it.

1845
04:52:42.180 --> 04:52:58.050
Pablo De Leon: So you can drive around with the Rover do your extra vehicle or DVD get back again Dr again to the habitat and having connected again they sleeping quarters, are also very, very small just a tiny bit and that's pretty much it, but they have a shower they have.

1846
04:52:59.280 --> 04:53:03.240
Pablo De Leon: A proper kitchen, you can sales, etc, etc, so.

1847
04:53:05.190 --> 04:53:26.790
Pablo De Leon: i'm not happy with the first topic that we send another proposal to NASA to build an upgrade of the of the of our habitat consistently in for additional modules and these four modules were going to be dedicated more deals with specific uses, for example, one was going to be an aba.

1848
04:53:27.870 --> 04:53:28.950
Pablo De Leon: So that's worship.

1849
04:53:30.240 --> 04:53:38.970
Pablo De Leon: More the auto repair different things and to keep the maintenance and servicing of the spacesuits and also have to support in the back.

1850
04:53:39.810 --> 04:53:50.490
Pablo De Leon: In addition to the other two spaces that remaining seconds a outside of them have they haven't done in the Rover and exercise and human performance module.

1851
04:53:51.150 --> 04:54:01.320
Pablo De Leon: Bio biology and geology lab and a plant production module so let me just show you some of the characteristics of all these different modules here.

1852
04:54:02.130 --> 04:54:13.470
Pablo De Leon: They are all interconnected by connecting tunnel, so you can you can go from the without the need of a spacesuit from the living quarters to any of the other four models.

1853
04:54:14.850 --> 04:54:33.060
Pablo De Leon: This is just a human exercise we just some simple machines and very basic kind of a medical facility sweet some telemedicine, a possibility to be seen there to transmit information about the health of the crew members to the outside.

1854
04:54:34.260 --> 04:54:44.310
Pablo De Leon: These the aba a maintenance module again, as I mentioned before we to spacesuit is two spaces mountain in the back and some space for repairs and maintenance.

1855
04:54:46.800 --> 04:54:51.510
Pablo De Leon: And this is the plants production model that i'm going to talk about you know, in a few moments.

1856
04:54:52.230 --> 04:54:59.880
Pablo De Leon: as well, so we have to build the models and the difference between the quarter what we call the core module which is we believe in quarters.

1857
04:55:00.300 --> 04:55:04.260
Pablo De Leon: To the other four is that the core model was made inflatable.

1858
04:55:05.100 --> 04:55:11.370
Pablo De Leon: But here in North Dakota we have the problem that he's not calling North Dakota for nothing, and we have very high wayne's and also temperatures in the.

1859
04:55:11.820 --> 04:55:20.670
Pablo De Leon: In the winter that goes beyond minus 50 so um the the the the inflatable material suffered a lot urbino side.

1860
04:55:21.480 --> 04:55:33.420
Pablo De Leon: being constantly battle bye bye bye the wings and how he was getting plays by for air pressure so we decided to do the for additional modules region so they are made out of aluminum.

1861
04:55:34.080 --> 04:55:44.550
Pablo De Leon: You can see here some pictures of when we're moving them into the terrain, which, in the middle of the summer doesn't look much like Mars, but but regardless.

1862
04:55:45.600 --> 04:55:54.090
Pablo De Leon: Here we are doing the assembly of, for example, these are the trays and the electrical system for the lights for the plant production model.

1863
04:55:56.100 --> 04:55:56.520
Pablo De Leon: and

1864
04:55:58.140 --> 04:56:05.610
Pablo De Leon: Here you can see some of the different pictures doing some of the animations here with Jon snow etc so.

1865
04:56:08.280 --> 04:56:22.350
Pablo De Leon: We have been performing so from a missions eight analog nations with between three and four crew members each we run experiments for different NASA centers so far and universities as well, and some pieces for our students as well.

1866
04:56:23.850 --> 04:56:36.150
Pablo De Leon: So we keep them pretty BC during the during the time that we do missions during the year, you can see here, for example in the plant production model we have some.

1867
04:56:39.360 --> 04:56:48.990
Pablo De Leon: Some robotic systems to tender, the plants, and this was done through an agreement with the University of Hawaii that they have available.

1868
04:56:49.710 --> 04:57:00.150
Pablo De Leon: 3D printer robotic system that we are using here for hydroponics so right now we are in every mission we.

1869
04:57:00.750 --> 04:57:16.740
Pablo De Leon: A percent of the food and again it's a small percent because this was, I think, presented before by by prior speakers, the amount of food that you can supplement the the other food that the astronauts will be consuming the during the mission.

1870
04:57:18.600 --> 04:57:38.280
Pablo De Leon: But a we have been doing, not just hydroponics but also through a technique that is called permaculture using warms to fertilize analog Mars regulate, we have been able to turn a seaman and Gregory into a fertile.

1871
04:57:39.540 --> 04:57:53.610
Pablo De Leon: place for the plants to grow so that's one of the of the other things that we have been doing here and and has been very interesting, we also work with Ray wheeler as our our kind of mentor and and and great.

1872
04:57:55.110 --> 04:58:06.660
Pablo De Leon: plan genius giving us a great ideas and telling us exactly what kind of lies the we need etc, etc, so so he said he'll has been has been really great um.

1873
04:58:08.040 --> 04:58:08.640
Pablo De Leon: So.

1874
04:58:09.960 --> 04:58:21.420
Pablo De Leon: What we do there we grow edible plants, it only at that the crews are able to enjoy some of them anyways and during the during the missions.

1875
04:58:23.010 --> 04:58:31.650
Pablo De Leon: Again, at this point that present is very small, so we are carrying we'd asked, most of the of the food during the analog nations.

1876
04:58:32.850 --> 04:58:43.920
Pablo De Leon: But a, hopefully, in the future will be able to increase these this number, we have been also doing some experiments with mushrooms, and some other some other things um.

1877
04:58:45.150 --> 04:58:57.510
Pablo De Leon: So normally we start the plant growth several weeks before the beginning of a mission so by the end of the crew gets in because they can go out other than these patients.

1878
04:58:58.950 --> 04:59:08.880
Pablo De Leon: They can enjoy the plants in the first the first few days after they are in in the in the in the House right so.

1879
04:59:09.960 --> 04:59:19.980
Pablo De Leon: Again we're testing the two systems they hydroponically grown versus traditional one versus a Mars regularly to enrich with permaculture.

1880
04:59:21.060 --> 04:59:35.460
Pablo De Leon: So these are some pictures of the Microbiology and geology model that we are able to do perform analysis on the plants, we can also be working with the planetary protection people at jpl to test how some of the microbes.

1881
04:59:36.900 --> 04:59:57.270
Pablo De Leon: grow in the in the habitat and what kind of issues that can bring in the future to do the potential cruise and of course we do a lot of ev a's practically every every every two days the crew members have to leave on on simulated MBA so again.

1882
04:59:58.830 --> 05:00:05.820
Pablo De Leon: The landscape is not very convincing but we're doing we're doing the tasks regardless.

1883
05:00:08.040 --> 05:00:10.350
Pablo De Leon: We also perform a lot of behavioral studies.

1884
05:00:11.400 --> 05:00:20.100
Pablo De Leon: Through another university they develop a portable electroencephalograph that we use inside the space suit, so we are able to capture.

1885
05:00:21.540 --> 05:00:30.600
Pablo De Leon: readings of the crew members, while they are using the spacesuits and they're doing very, very interesting studies on that sleep behavior in isolation exercise.

1886
05:00:31.410 --> 05:00:42.210
Pablo De Leon: Artificial light as well on virtual reality training, we are now preparing our mission number nine on there's a bachelor these he's not here but.

1887
05:00:42.870 --> 05:00:59.940
Pablo De Leon: Our next mission, we have to delay it because of the pandemics and but by the end of April will do our new mission that is going to be 21 days for crew members so right now we're working in the organization a for for that.

1888
05:01:02.460 --> 05:01:08.970
Pablo De Leon: You can see here some other experiments of previous crews and we keep them very, very BC during.

1889
05:01:10.110 --> 05:01:20.820
Pablo De Leon: We are trying to implement some of the ISS mission planning systems to try to a creative routines for them, but at the same time, we give them enough.

1890
05:01:21.330 --> 05:01:39.450
Pablo De Leon: Time to organize the day by themselves, so they don't feel that they are constantly control bye bye bye bye someone from outside i'm so without a i'm going to finish the presentation I think everybody again and my other one and everybody for for listening to this all right.

1891
05:01:41.490 --> 05:01:50.250
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you for an excellent presentation, you know when you do when you practice what we preach.

1892
05:01:51.330 --> 05:02:03.870
Madhu Thangavelu: Or you learn a lot more very, very quickly and and Pablo I can't Thank you enough for now, the student other students these similar the.

1893
05:02:05.490 --> 05:02:09.150
Madhu Thangavelu: art of the simple as what do you call it the seminar.

1894
05:02:09.210 --> 05:02:10.410
Pablo De Leon: shoes yes.

1895
05:02:10.680 --> 05:02:19.620
Pablo De Leon: Well um you know, the thing is this news were involved, since the beginning in the planning and development of the construction of all the all these was done.

1896
05:02:20.310 --> 05:02:35.760
Pablo De Leon: By by students and also if they are even if we have people from outside, because in some cases we have people from Johnson space Center or Kennedy or or outside that want to bring some experiments with other universities, etc.

1897
05:02:36.690 --> 05:02:56.640
Pablo De Leon: We also work with our Grad students at our department ISA grounded only masters and PhD so the hands on experience that they have these these very well appreciated and later by private companies for or by NASA or other contractors, they will go to work with so so yeah.

1898
05:02:57.180 --> 05:03:01.290
Madhu Thangavelu: And I know you are very hands on pushing yourself.

1899
05:03:03.270 --> 05:03:09.540
Madhu Thangavelu: Tell me, I I read that paper that you published with the copier.

1900
05:03:10.200 --> 05:03:15.870
Pablo De Leon: Yes, yeah for sure, yes, absolutely yes yeah well caveats now on adjunct professor in the.

1901
05:03:16.350 --> 05:03:25.290
Pablo De Leon: In the in the departments are working with her in a number of proposals so we've just a she developed as part of her.

1902
05:03:26.880 --> 05:03:27.720
Pablo De Leon: dissertation.

1903
05:03:29.970 --> 05:03:32.430
Pablo De Leon: I think an excellent system to prevent us.

1904
05:03:32.610 --> 05:03:33.180
Pablo De Leon: So we are.

1905
05:03:33.210 --> 05:03:37.290
Madhu Thangavelu: still working out some results from that experiment, the public.

1906
05:03:38.250 --> 05:03:47.310
Pablo De Leon: Well, we have a sample now in the international space station, there is a mission color missy 11 that these exposure to.

1907
05:03:47.970 --> 05:03:56.850
Pablo De Leon: Do the space environment and we took several of the fabric samples treated with this special am not carbon Nanotubes system.

1908
05:03:57.600 --> 05:04:08.760
Pablo De Leon: we're waiting for the dragon capsule to bring it back to earth and we're going to study how the elements of the carbon Nanotubes reacted to being more than one year in space excellent.

1909
05:04:08.970 --> 05:04:09.750
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you so much.

1910
05:04:10.440 --> 05:04:11.310
Pablo De Leon: Thank you it's a pleasure.

1911
05:04:12.300 --> 05:04:16.950
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, now we are off to our last presenter and.

1912
05:04:17.250 --> 05:04:18.420
Madhu Thangavelu: I want to introduce to.

1913
05:04:18.420 --> 05:04:39.300
Madhu Thangavelu: You Chris Kennedy who is not only an architect, but he's one of the words, one of the first architects, I know who worked right there in the middle of the action at NASA at at Johnson space Center and he had an he has an accomplished.

1914
05:04:41.100 --> 05:04:47.310
Madhu Thangavelu: Bio with lot of inventions to it, including the Trans have which all of us know about.

1915
05:04:48.330 --> 05:05:02.160
Madhu Thangavelu: and Chris now has his own company, and we would love to welcome you, Chris Thank you so much for a little bit of delay in getting to your presentation, but glad you're here and there, we'd love to hear from me.

1916
05:05:02.970 --> 05:05:08.340
Kriss Kennedy: Oh, thank you Matthew and thank you to all those who are still on at this point, can you see my slides and.

1917
05:05:09.120 --> 05:05:10.320
Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, you're coming through.

1918
05:05:11.040 --> 05:05:15.420
Kriss Kennedy: A very exhilarating day and a glimpse of the future and a lot of really great work i'm.

1919
05:05:15.420 --> 05:05:31.530
Kriss Kennedy: honored to be included among you know this distinguished panel of space architects and engineers, as you said, i'm a licensed architect since 1995 and worked as a space architect at NASA Johnson space Center for about 30 years during our first.

1920
05:05:31.740 --> 05:05:33.780
Kriss Kennedy: Space architecture gathering I spoke of.

1921
05:05:33.780 --> 05:05:35.820
Kriss Kennedy: Space architecture at the tipping point.

1922
05:05:36.870 --> 05:05:44.970
Kriss Kennedy: Today, I want to present a vision of united space structures idea of built in place architectures that i've been working on with them.

1923
05:05:46.290 --> 05:05:55.230
Kriss Kennedy: So what I will present today's a sampling, a high level overview of our efforts, not by any means detailed design work.

1924
05:05:56.880 --> 05:06:06.960
Kriss Kennedy: So I think Carl Sagan said it best is if our long term survival is at stake, we have two basic responsibility to our species to venture to other worlds.

1925
05:06:07.380 --> 05:06:19.140
Kriss Kennedy: And I feel strongly that space architectural enable humanity to expand to multiple planets my vision, as an architect, is to enable humanity to become a multi planet species.

1926
05:06:19.650 --> 05:06:31.650
Kriss Kennedy: And I envision that the future lunar or Mars landscape of many different diverse architectures as you've seen today, much like a city here on earth has many different architectures.

1927
05:06:34.200 --> 05:06:44.820
Kriss Kennedy: So my question is, what if what if is, are you derive structures, using automated additive construction was feasible and we've seen glimpses of that today.

1928
05:06:45.390 --> 05:06:52.530
Kriss Kennedy: When I was designing space inflatable concepts at NASA in the early 80s in our late 80s early 90s.

1929
05:06:53.250 --> 05:07:01.800
Kriss Kennedy: The fabric technology was not ready for prototyping we had to wait for stronger fibers and materials such as kevlar and back trans to mature.

1930
05:07:02.520 --> 05:07:10.860
Kriss Kennedy: Those fibers and fabrics and straps in order to use them and prototype them and test them and trans have in the 2000 timeframe.

1931
05:07:11.490 --> 05:07:31.830
Kriss Kennedy: So technologies and capabilities are maturing to enable these new innovations and architectures in situ derived built in place structures, using robotic construction capabilities are being prototypes all over the world waterless using sulfur binders lunar Crete, as defined by Hossain.

1932
05:07:33.510 --> 05:07:45.060
Kriss Kennedy: With the Department of civil and environmental engineering is is one of those types of lunar creep that I think is going to change how we look and view the future.

1933
05:07:45.930 --> 05:08:00.690
Kriss Kennedy: So our vision is is to provide permanent self sustaining earth independence structures and and habitats or actually much larger habitats, to enable a robust interplanetary space economy.

1934
05:08:01.140 --> 05:08:12.360
Kriss Kennedy: We will leverage partner and utilize services and capabilities, such as mining in situ manufacturing power generation and robotic capabilities will become a forcing function.

1935
05:08:13.050 --> 05:08:25.320
Kriss Kennedy: One of our goals is to utilize as much in situ mind in material and manufacturing components and products as possible eventually approaching near 100% as we build our structures.

1936
05:08:26.460 --> 05:08:39.150
Kriss Kennedy: We have defined a number of goals and objectives, but i'm not going to go into all of those today as anybody who's taken my courses or listen to any of my lectures know the importance of vision mission goals and objectives.

1937
05:08:40.440 --> 05:08:40.980
Kriss Kennedy: So.

1938
05:08:42.390 --> 05:08:51.960
Kriss Kennedy: What is next after the initial ARTEMIS small lunar research labs and habitats that house, maybe four to six eight different crew members.

1939
05:08:52.470 --> 05:09:11.430
Kriss Kennedy: it's a shift a shift in lunar Mars strategic vision and mindset a strategic vision of lunar real estate development on a large scale, much like here on earth in architecture commercialization of you know, will have a future trillion dollar space industry, it will force that function.

1940
05:09:12.810 --> 05:09:19.080
Kriss Kennedy: will be designed as mixed use multi storey facilities for prospective tenants will start with.

1941
05:09:19.770 --> 05:09:29.700
Kriss Kennedy: Global international building codes and standards as a point of departure, in addition to the NASA standards and will also follow master spec format.

1942
05:09:30.180 --> 05:09:38.610
Kriss Kennedy: We will adopt and tailor our traditional architecture building and construction institute master specs specifications formatting a numbering for our use.

1943
05:09:39.720 --> 05:09:58.680
Kriss Kennedy: will force change, I think we need to force a change of how you the USA I retire restrictions and regulations are forced upon planetary surface architectures, this is not done, we are not using our we're not making missiles and weapons we're making surface architectures.

1944
05:09:59.940 --> 05:10:03.990
Kriss Kennedy: I tar does not regulate the terrestrial architecture industry.

1945
05:10:07.410 --> 05:10:20.640
Kriss Kennedy: So what if, then we think about united space structure strategic vision is to build facilities on the surface and within latitudes using these built in place structures and robotic construction capabilities.

1946
05:10:21.150 --> 05:10:29.580
Kriss Kennedy: We are planning on using the same patent pending automated additive construction robotics processes and techniques to build our structures.

1947
05:10:30.270 --> 05:10:35.730
Kriss Kennedy: Our construction robots and processes drive and inform the designs that can be built in place.

1948
05:10:36.690 --> 05:10:45.150
Kriss Kennedy: Focusing on simplicity of construction and robustness of the structure and in my many years as space architect at NASA.

1949
05:10:45.510 --> 05:11:00.420
Kriss Kennedy: it's always been about the internal architecture for the human health and well being so our lunar concrete or lunar create approach is based on paper of performance of wireless concrete, as I mentioned earlier.

1950
05:11:02.040 --> 05:11:04.170
Kriss Kennedy: So my value proposition is this.

1951
05:11:05.190 --> 05:11:16.200
Kriss Kennedy: strategic thinking beyond ARTEMIS initial human exploration it's about the commercialization industrialization of space, the moon and MARS and moving beyond that.

1952
05:11:16.680 --> 05:11:28.860
Kriss Kennedy: it's about real estate setting up lunar real estate ventures analogous to here on earth real estate ventures to design build and operate commercial office towers and facilities in any city.

1953
05:11:29.430 --> 05:11:39.300
Kriss Kennedy: it's a forcing function of lunar capability and services we're not going to do all of these types of needs and capabilities and services, we will we will.

1954
05:11:40.470 --> 05:11:51.360
Kriss Kennedy: hire or hire us and and build them or use other people their services and so really it's a forcing function to get these companies.

1955
05:11:52.200 --> 05:12:03.120
Kriss Kennedy: focused and start building and thinking about building the types of things that are needed so it's a market demand opportunity for in-situ manufacturing on the moon.

1956
05:12:04.440 --> 05:12:19.560
Kriss Kennedy: We have looking at various collaboration and partnerships and there's many technology and architectural engineering opportunities out here, in addition to we have tentative collaborations with two robotic companies and five universities.

1957
05:12:20.760 --> 05:12:27.300
Kriss Kennedy: So i'm going to touch a little bit about each of our concepts and we have other ones, but i'm going highlighting three here.

1958
05:12:28.140 --> 05:12:39.060
Kriss Kennedy: So the USS is is planning on using the same patent pending automated additive construction robotics processes and techniques to build are in place architectures.

1959
05:12:39.570 --> 05:12:51.150
Kriss Kennedy: So we let the the from the external aspect of it, the architecture, it looks simplistic, it is not very sexy, but like I said, the focus is on the internal architecture.

1960
05:12:51.600 --> 05:13:03.480
Kriss Kennedy: When I was running the habitat demonstration unit project our focus was on the internal systems, the operating systems, the and getting the technologies, working together.

1961
05:13:03.900 --> 05:13:13.710
Kriss Kennedy: that's really the focus of this is really to about the internal aspects, the internal architecture, we would utilize and locate ourselves.

1962
05:13:14.610 --> 05:13:25.890
Kriss Kennedy: near in situ resources and settlement strategies we would use class one pre integrate habitat small habitats as construction, checks during the initial tower construction.

1963
05:13:26.430 --> 05:13:35.430
Kriss Kennedy: Our towers are scalable in architecture their customer driven and functionally tailored to each individual intended use in concept of operation.

1964
05:13:37.860 --> 05:13:43.500
Kriss Kennedy: You can see some of the details or some of the key characteristics of these structures.

1965
05:13:44.580 --> 05:13:55.200
Kriss Kennedy: One of the unique aspects of this is the internal core of the habitat or the large facility as we like to say it, and so.

1966
05:13:55.770 --> 05:14:11.040
Kriss Kennedy: The other aspect is the actual Shell wall construction in which we are looking at dual use or do a wall design of reinforced tension cables and glass fiber embedded wireless lunar creek.

1967
05:14:11.640 --> 05:14:23.790
Kriss Kennedy: With a customized outer Shell and then the Shell cavity could be filled with expandable polyethylene foam high density polyethylene arrow gel water or other materials to be determined.

1968
05:14:24.690 --> 05:14:40.500
Kriss Kennedy: Will will pretension the Shell wall reinforcing cables then overlay a laugh and in place the Lunar concrete building up to the required thickness and and structural integrity of the pressure cell, given the size and diameter of our facility.

1969
05:14:42.480 --> 05:14:50.100
Kriss Kennedy: This shows some of the internal aspects of it and a couple things I wanted to point out, is what was brought up today.

1970
05:14:50.580 --> 05:15:08.310
Kriss Kennedy: Starting with your foundation and using a horizontal reinforcing tension cables and glass fibers but also gop or supports, to make sure we have a stable foundation, given the size of our structure that we envision we also are looking to place.

1971
05:15:09.570 --> 05:15:19.170
Kriss Kennedy: Horizontal bulkheads think of this as a submarines dude on end where you have bulkheads place horizontally that can separate segments.

1972
05:15:19.530 --> 05:15:31.830
Kriss Kennedy: Of the Tower should you lose pressure in a certain segment, but also so that the systems can operate an independently each of the segments, so if you don't necessarily have the tenants to build out.

1973
05:15:32.130 --> 05:15:39.600
Kriss Kennedy: The entire facility which case we could make a smaller shorter diameter or shorter, we can adjust accordingly.

1974
05:15:41.310 --> 05:15:49.380
Kriss Kennedy: We also have been looking at different options on our domes and how to close them out with various glazing opportunities and sun shades.

1975
05:15:50.550 --> 05:16:00.240
Kriss Kennedy: The other thing I wanted to aspect that I wanted to promote is is the idea of that we are looking to take advantage of.

1976
05:16:00.750 --> 05:16:12.270
Kriss Kennedy: Pre manufactured components, but also to have systems and the irs are you manufacturing start building components for us, and so we become a forcing function again.

1977
05:16:13.050 --> 05:16:22.830
Kriss Kennedy: looking for a service looking for ios or you companies to build us various aspects of structural components, or even shells or or.

1978
05:16:24.180 --> 05:16:28.290
Kriss Kennedy: Space frames and and components of space frames or.

1979
05:16:29.370 --> 05:16:36.990
Kriss Kennedy: things of that nature we're looking at a Florida floor height that takes into account planning spaces utilities and lunar gravity.

1980
05:16:37.590 --> 05:16:58.110
Kriss Kennedy: we're also looking at aspects of using to make the Lunar from the Lunar material to make class fibers for fiber optics that would could be woven into fabrics four walls and ceilings that could be used in many ways, including the diner cycle to give the different color temperatures.

1981
05:17:00.090 --> 05:17:05.790
Kriss Kennedy: This is a focus a little bit on that core aspect of our vertical Shell, the shaft.

1982
05:17:06.330 --> 05:17:15.090
Kriss Kennedy: which can be pre manufactured and shipped on the first one, but we hope to manufacture those in situ in a in a manufacturing.

1983
05:17:15.630 --> 05:17:27.210
Kriss Kennedy: highest RU manufacturing facility that would be built on the moon we're still looking at whether we would have one of these or two or three within each of the large facilities and structures.

1984
05:17:28.110 --> 05:17:36.150
Kriss Kennedy: The other thing is what it's not showing here is the elevator system, which would be in the middle of that as well as the utilities that would run vertically.

1985
05:17:38.310 --> 05:17:48.360
Kriss Kennedy: Another one of our designs is a conical tower so that was a cylindrical concept, this is more of the conical aspect, keeping in mind a pressure vessel.

1986
05:17:50.370 --> 05:17:59.310
Kriss Kennedy: Here again we can vary the scale, the size and shape of the conical to fit the needs of our customers.

1987
05:18:02.130 --> 05:18:05.640
Kriss Kennedy: Using some of the same techniques and principles we would.

1988
05:18:06.180 --> 05:18:18.390
Kriss Kennedy: build it as Similarly, and we would use a construction system and crane system that would then be allow us to do 3D printing as we build our Shell wall.

1989
05:18:18.720 --> 05:18:37.890
Kriss Kennedy: As well as we're looking at different flooring techniques and flooring systems and we'll look at different trade offs as two different ways to do that, whether it's it's prefabricated or is, are you derived or lunar concrete whilst waffle slab or some other type of flooring system.

1990
05:18:40.200 --> 05:18:59.820
Kriss Kennedy: The other third one, is our lunar lava tube tower facility and actually it was our first concept, which focused on the idea of placing and building a large capability within a latitude now when I when you look at lava tubes and there are 62 known lava tubes on the moon.

1991
05:19:01.530 --> 05:19:11.070
Kriss Kennedy: The unique thing about, that is, you find that their skylights or the mouth opening and that's very difficult because that's kind of the weak spot of the whole latitude.

1992
05:19:11.460 --> 05:19:25.320
Kriss Kennedy: And so, our approach is unique in that we want to drill through the good part of the lab a tube down through this through into the cave or the top apex of the latitude.

1993
05:19:27.210 --> 05:19:37.710
Kriss Kennedy: We have identified three possible locations, that will be sending probes to over the next few years to investigate those lava tubes and we're working with several universities.

1994
05:19:38.160 --> 05:19:45.870
Kriss Kennedy: On different robotic systems that could be placed in who latitude that will map it in 3D survey for us.

1995
05:19:46.800 --> 05:19:55.560
Kriss Kennedy: So we plan to utilize these lunar materials and 3D printer materials and matter of fact, some of the 3D printing companies that.

1996
05:19:56.010 --> 05:20:09.720
Kriss Kennedy: had presented today are some of the ones were interested in and further conversations with and the robotic systems to do that, so our idea is the entire facility is is robotically constructed.

1997
05:20:11.070 --> 05:20:33.030
Kriss Kennedy: This gives you an overview of that in which was talking about how we would drill down through to create a shaft and then lower our system down and build from the floor up using the tension fabric cable system and the Lunar concrete and building as we go up in securing it to the.

1998
05:20:34.170 --> 05:20:44.550
Kriss Kennedy: to the top of the latitude of course there's a lot of work to do to work out the details of that, as shown in this picture here.

1999
05:20:45.180 --> 05:20:53.970
Kriss Kennedy: We looked again at dividing it up into segments, and the different types of concept of operations and different functions and users.

2000
05:20:54.270 --> 05:21:08.550
Kriss Kennedy: In these different segments, and it can be rack and stack in many different ways, but the idea again is creating tower bulkheads to be able to segment off and close off areas should you need to in the future.

2001
05:21:11.400 --> 05:21:22.980
Kriss Kennedy: we've done a little bit of idea looking at master planning if anyone's seen any of my lectures on zoning and master planning, the idea is to locate your.

2002
05:21:23.640 --> 05:21:33.870
Kriss Kennedy: landing pads away from the habitat at least a kilometer plus you can get a little closer if you've got burning around them and centered landing pads.

2003
05:21:34.260 --> 05:21:47.340
Kriss Kennedy: Typically, in the equatorial regions, the flights are coming in from the east in landing and so go on the east to west, so your landing pads are a little bit more oval shape.

2004
05:21:48.390 --> 05:21:58.950
Kriss Kennedy: Their habitat or in this case the latitude is down the bottom, in which case we have a Rover port at the surface, that gives us access to it.

2005
05:21:59.520 --> 05:22:14.730
Kriss Kennedy: We would look at using nucular power system, because we want to create data storage systems and large data capability in the base of the tower and then you have your is, are you processing plants manufacturing and so on.

2006
05:22:17.700 --> 05:22:27.030
Kriss Kennedy: So the one unique aspect of this is the idea of how do you get to the surface, if you have are living or have this facility and latitude.

2007
05:22:27.450 --> 05:22:38.130
Kriss Kennedy: Well, you need to create a shaft that puts them a Rover port or an architecture, on top of the service, on top of the surface so it's kind of a almost a.

2008
05:22:39.060 --> 05:22:49.890
Kriss Kennedy: Low impact minimal footprint, as far as on the surface and then everything else is down below where you have your radiation protection and a constant thermal environment.

2009
05:22:50.250 --> 05:23:11.070
Kriss Kennedy: You also have access to the lava tube in which you can then explore that latitude cave and continue to build more of these and link them together underground, so it is a unique lava tube architecture and requires these transition spaces between both the in the latitude and to the surface.

2010
05:23:13.020 --> 05:23:21.960
Kriss Kennedy: As I mentioned earlier, we looked at different ways and different occupants within the Tower structure, and so we looked at.

2011
05:23:22.410 --> 05:23:33.240
Kriss Kennedy: A data Center capability which we have a lot of interest in obviously mining operations to set up Tele operation and mining operations, as well as.

2012
05:23:33.960 --> 05:23:45.270
Kriss Kennedy: lunar exploration and research capabilities food production and processing a large amount of area would be devoted to that and recycling, because we want to become.

2013
05:23:46.110 --> 05:23:57.210
Kriss Kennedy: independent and self sufficient and then you have the crew human habitability medical operations everything up near the top of the Tower close to the surface.

2014
05:23:58.620 --> 05:24:08.520
Kriss Kennedy: We still doing studies or we'll be doing studies, looking at a variety of different aspects of this, the psychology of the internal architecture is paramount for human.

2015
05:24:09.150 --> 05:24:19.380
Kriss Kennedy: psychological well being and, eventually, you know we want companies to make structural shapes tube stress trusses and space frame components.

2016
05:24:19.650 --> 05:24:40.350
Kriss Kennedy: A robotic factory, if you will, that we can turn out these is our youth components for us to use and others so we're really a forcing function of really trying to get an industry stood on its feet and moving forward in a new a new era of architecture of planetary architecture.

2017
05:24:41.520 --> 05:24:51.180
Kriss Kennedy: So, in summary, what if what if all this was possible and and really it's a paradigm shift looking toward lunar real estate.

2018
05:24:51.600 --> 05:25:11.640
Kriss Kennedy: And and development operations it's a forcing function to pull technologies and capabilities into service into being it's a marketing market driven approach, so we have plans to prototype a two story full diameter structural unit should we get the funding and proceed forward.

2019
05:25:12.870 --> 05:25:20.940
Kriss Kennedy: and use that use that for testing, use it for evaluations and maybe even move our offices into it and and work out it.

2020
05:25:21.840 --> 05:25:31.650
Kriss Kennedy: So the Lunar and Mars architecture should not fall under it or I don't think you know it does it here on earth, I think it would allow us companies.

2021
05:25:32.010 --> 05:25:39.180
Kriss Kennedy: to hire international talent, which is at this point is such a struggle for our international space architects and.

2022
05:25:39.600 --> 05:25:55.020
Kriss Kennedy: engineers to get jobs in the US working on these great projects, I think, change is needed, are you know and there's many collaboration and partnership opportunities here and we're going to be starting a crowdfunding.

2023
05:25:56.130 --> 05:25:58.110
Kriss Kennedy: activity with net capital soon.

2024
05:25:59.460 --> 05:26:11.070
Kriss Kennedy: So this is a glimpse of architecture beyond earth, so these three initial patent pending concepts promote simplicity robustness in our design, with a construction method in mind.

2025
05:26:11.670 --> 05:26:19.770
Kriss Kennedy: i'd like to thank bill CAP and James wolf who are co founders of united space structures and Spencer Stanford CEO of.

2026
05:26:20.310 --> 05:26:33.480
Kriss Kennedy: precursor technologies who's been a part of this team and we'll be in our future, so we have lots more work to do in the future and ahead of us, so thank you for hanging in there today and listening to my short presentation.

2027
05:26:34.920 --> 05:26:35.250
Kriss Kennedy: Thank you.

2028
05:26:36.330 --> 05:26:48.960
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, Chris your cadence the delivery and and the things you said and reflect on the practice of the entire profession and I can't.

2029
05:26:49.710 --> 05:27:03.240
Madhu Thangavelu: Thank you, thank you, you know you said a few things that are not only pertinent, but our our central and core to showing concepts and designs I put some stuff on chat.

2030
05:27:04.800 --> 05:27:14.010
Madhu Thangavelu: So thank you again that now we have a little time to do a bit of discussion, but before we do that discussion.

2031
05:27:15.210 --> 05:27:30.060
Madhu Thangavelu: I want to leave some thoughts in your minds and then go on to discussion, so let me share the screen or drop off rate is pretty high we started at about 100 participants, we are down to half as many Chris, but such as like.

2032
05:27:31.380 --> 05:27:33.390
Madhu Thangavelu: Let me go here and to pull up.

2033
05:27:35.850 --> 05:27:37.530
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay let's see.

2034
05:27:40.440 --> 05:27:44.520
Madhu Thangavelu: conclusion, I want to be sure, I have the right conclusion here.

2035
05:27:52.590 --> 05:27:53.340
pick another one.

2036
05:27:57.420 --> 05:27:58.260
Give me one minute.

2037
05:28:02.610 --> 05:28:06.990
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, what do we have on screen now can can Chris Can you see the screen.

2038
05:28:08.760 --> 05:28:10.650
AIAA LA-LV: Let me see your folder.

2039
05:28:12.720 --> 05:28:13.620
Kriss Kennedy: True it's your fault.

2040
05:28:14.220 --> 05:28:14.760
Now.

2041
05:28:16.620 --> 05:28:17.520
Madhu Thangavelu: till the folder.

2042
05:28:18.060 --> 05:28:19.500
AIAA LA-LV: yeah you need to share screen.

2043
05:28:19.710 --> 05:28:21.630
Madhu Thangavelu: Again hold on hold on, let me, let me, let me do this.

2044
05:28:32.100 --> 05:28:32.640
Madhu Thangavelu: One minute.

2045
05:29:31.830 --> 05:29:33.090
Madhu Thangavelu: What do you see now guys.

2046
05:29:34.920 --> 05:29:35.970
Madhu Thangavelu: feel the same screen.

2047
05:29:39.600 --> 05:29:40.710
AIAA LA-LV: still just a folder.

2048
05:29:41.280 --> 05:29:42.480
Madhu Thangavelu: folder Okay, let me see.

2049
05:29:42.720 --> 05:29:46.530
AIAA LA-LV: yeah you need to click the green button and select.

2050
05:29:46.650 --> 05:29:48.660
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah I can see the green button right now.

2051
05:29:51.180 --> 05:29:52.320
Madhu Thangavelu: i'm good good what really.

2052
05:29:52.380 --> 05:29:53.220
AIAA LA-LV: You have to shake.

2053
05:29:54.120 --> 05:29:55.260
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah that's really good okay.

2054
05:30:20.760 --> 05:30:21.840
Madhu Thangavelu: What came up now.

2055
05:30:22.770 --> 05:30:23.190
No.

2056
05:30:25.170 --> 05:30:26.280
Madhu Thangavelu: till on folder.

2057
05:30:27.030 --> 05:30:28.050
AIAA LA-LV: Still folder yeah.

2058
05:30:32.760 --> 05:30:35.610
AIAA LA-LV: Maybe you have a second screen or something you need to pull your.

2059
05:30:35.700 --> 05:30:39.660
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah let me, let me, let me, let me see what's going on, I got the screen here hearing is.

2060
05:30:39.660 --> 05:30:41.790
AIAA LA-LV: done, you have to select the slide.

2061
05:30:42.330 --> 05:30:43.470
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah let me, let me.

2062
05:30:44.700 --> 05:30:45.900
Madhu Thangavelu: Am I on camera now.

2063
05:30:46.290 --> 05:30:48.390
AIAA LA-LV: Yes, okay hold on just a minute.

2064
05:31:01.890 --> 05:31:03.000
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, what do we have no.

2065
05:31:03.450 --> 05:31:04.890
Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, okay.

2066
05:31:06.300 --> 05:31:12.510
Madhu Thangavelu: So you know i'm so glad, some of you stuck with us, it will be it.

2067
05:31:14.130 --> 05:31:22.110
Madhu Thangavelu: I just wanted to let you know how some of us think about space and space activities and.

2068
05:31:23.640 --> 05:31:31.260
Madhu Thangavelu: All of you may know, this particular person, if you don't I would recommend that, let me get on the screen here and.

2069
05:31:35.910 --> 05:31:37.170
Madhu Thangavelu: Let it slide now.

2070
05:31:40.050 --> 05:31:40.470
Madhu Thangavelu: again.

2071
05:31:40.770 --> 05:31:45.570
Madhu Thangavelu: Yes, okay good so uh yeah assignments, the neck is a.

2072
05:31:47.550 --> 05:31:55.560
Madhu Thangavelu: he's an inspirational figure in the corporate world he goes around saying why we do something.

2073
05:31:56.670 --> 05:31:59.700
Madhu Thangavelu: Is the precursor to how and what you do.

2074
05:32:00.750 --> 05:32:11.040
Madhu Thangavelu: It couldn't be true in the space profession and in the space arctic's profession, many of us start because it's a very beautiful thing to do.

2075
05:32:11.730 --> 05:32:24.210
Madhu Thangavelu: And it's very stylish and so on, but at the end of the day, you think about humanity and how the work we do affects.

2076
05:32:24.990 --> 05:32:35.670
Madhu Thangavelu: Everything, and that is why we think it's important to think about why we do things now on the Left corner, you see two of the richest people in the world.

2077
05:32:36.540 --> 05:32:58.710
Madhu Thangavelu: Elon musk and Jeff bezos and they both have interesting views we like to think they are separate and different, but if you recently down to the ground they're all talking the same thing and musk is talking about settling other planets to for human survival of species.

2078
05:32:59.850 --> 05:33:07.560
Madhu Thangavelu: basis, wants to protect our earth from all the wanton industrial rampage and the destroying of a forest.

2079
05:33:09.120 --> 05:33:27.360
Madhu Thangavelu: john marburger an address and the guard Memorial, which is a cherished electron for for space arctic's he talks about going out into space to become to make solar the solar system part of our economic sphere.

2080
05:33:28.380 --> 05:33:38.550
Madhu Thangavelu: And Joseph Campbell, as you know, the person who who enlightened George Lucas with Star Wars says that.

2081
05:33:39.150 --> 05:33:50.700
Madhu Thangavelu: Many times when these very special people go out and come back they become enlightened and astronauts have a different feeling about Planet Earth and so it's about the return of the euro.

2082
05:33:51.930 --> 05:34:00.060
Madhu Thangavelu: The freeman dyson said we've been looking at and this goes for so long it's black, nothing is happening everything's cold and still.

2083
05:34:00.930 --> 05:34:19.320
Madhu Thangavelu: Our job is to beautify the universe, and the way we know and frank White says the same thing about the overview effect you go out look at planet and then you go Oh, my goodness, what a what a what a place that we live in, we should take care of it and, finally, in the past few years.

2084
05:34:21.690 --> 05:34:22.800
Madhu Thangavelu: A group called.

2085
05:34:24.060 --> 05:34:35.880
Madhu Thangavelu: For all mankind, led by Michelle and and TIM they've been saying that we have to preserve our species heritage, where are we go.

2086
05:34:36.270 --> 05:34:54.600
Madhu Thangavelu: I mean all great civilizations percent of their cultural heritage, and we should preserve our cultural heritage, etc, so first thing, first of all, the Apollo and other spacecraft that we are put down there on the moon So these are the ideas that we have been talking about in the school.

2087
05:34:55.890 --> 05:35:02.850
Madhu Thangavelu: Of course, we all have a a father figure that we look up to in that is buckminster fuller.

2088
05:35:03.810 --> 05:35:22.410
Madhu Thangavelu: And when he saw the images come down from the early Apollo missions everybody started talking about looking beautiful the earth looks from the moon and buckminster fuller in that here 1968 before Apollo 11 put bus Neil and bus on the moon.

2089
05:35:23.610 --> 05:35:35.880
Madhu Thangavelu: put out a book called Operation manual for spaceship earth it's a free resource, you must all take a look at how far reaching his thoughts or in that tiny little book.

2090
05:35:37.440 --> 05:35:45.690
Madhu Thangavelu: That is already doing some incredible work to to make that happen with the with vehicles and I happen to tour it while it was.

2091
05:35:46.470 --> 05:36:04.170
Madhu Thangavelu: doing their work, a direct that I remember meeting can Chris and Scott and the whole group they're looking on deep space habitats now you know if you look at the history and literature you'll come across some very interesting slides.

2092
05:36:05.250 --> 05:36:09.270
Madhu Thangavelu: There was a person by the name of Tesco barn could come.

2093
05:36:10.590 --> 05:36:16.830
Madhu Thangavelu: In there was no fish, called the opposite of long range planning at net in the 60s.

2094
05:36:17.430 --> 05:36:26.430
Madhu Thangavelu: He says slides from Iran around that time and, and I think it was john mcintyre mentioned it to me model, the way things are going.

2095
05:36:26.910 --> 05:36:38.490
Madhu Thangavelu: At the end of the day when you get things built they'll still look like somebody mentioned it for you 50 years ago So here we go when do you think we have imagined.

2096
05:36:40.410 --> 05:36:47.490
Madhu Thangavelu: lovings when we rehab inland marsh things take a look at it and you'll see is not changed very much.

2097
05:36:48.960 --> 05:36:54.210
Madhu Thangavelu: So what are some things to watch out for currently in the new new things that are happening.

2098
05:36:55.380 --> 05:37:03.090
Madhu Thangavelu: I think, as I mentioned before, you have to closely watch what is happening in the earth or brutal regime.

2099
05:37:03.870 --> 05:37:29.010
Madhu Thangavelu: I think Leo is the next site for action, not only for the full number of satellites we're filling out there, but also personality to build structures watch our home for spacex starship evolution and the cadence the rate at which you execute test missions to gain hard data.

2100
05:37:30.450 --> 05:37:35.550
Madhu Thangavelu: lunar missions are getting underway parts of gateway have been designed.

2101
05:37:36.720 --> 05:37:51.570
Madhu Thangavelu: The ARTEMIS project is being thought about and is bound to happen, because the new Administration has come in full force and said they are going to follow what the previous administration did in a fantastic way.

2102
05:37:52.680 --> 05:38:14.100
Madhu Thangavelu: Government private partnership is something that Chris mentioned, and now NASA has changed a philosophy to one of being a customer, which means what it really means is that some of the intellectual property that belongs in the private sector cannot be accessed by NASA.

2103
05:38:15.210 --> 05:38:35.250
Madhu Thangavelu: Including reusable rockets so so they need to buy things and that's a good thing, I think it's welcome and what will happen in the near future in orbit I think space, tourism, because, as you know, commerce and private sector runs on a principle which is very simple.

2104
05:38:36.600 --> 05:38:39.330
Madhu Thangavelu: which says that profit equal to cost.

2105
05:38:40.530 --> 05:38:51.990
Madhu Thangavelu: Revenue minus cost so that's coming up, so there is a battle between institutional culture which is 50 or 60 years old, for NASA 70 years old, for NASA.

2106
05:38:52.530 --> 05:39:05.910
Madhu Thangavelu: And the society and public inspired desires, what do we want in space, and that is a good balance, because we are going to get there we're getting there very fast.

2107
05:39:07.170 --> 05:39:12.480
Madhu Thangavelu: My own pet peeves I buy Christmas docking I put them on chat room.

2108
05:39:13.980 --> 05:39:37.260
Madhu Thangavelu: You know, whenever I sit in a new discussion, the first thing that is coming up is hey what is the impact the environment impact in space and extraterrestrial services which are pristine and have some qualities that we can mess up very, very quickly debris is another big problem in orbit.

2109
05:39:38.820 --> 05:39:52.740
Madhu Thangavelu: extraterrestrial habitat I kept saying, please, please, please space architects draw foundations draw dusty platforms in your beautiful pictures you guys do magical jobs, we need more of it, and all of these.

2110
05:39:53.280 --> 05:40:04.410
Madhu Thangavelu: Regular things like committee or protection radiation film dust entry descent and landing, is an area that you need to study and triple point of water.

2111
05:40:05.460 --> 05:40:13.710
Madhu Thangavelu: You will see that there is no water lakes on Mars why because of triple point of water, you will see, there is no ice.

2112
05:40:15.120 --> 05:40:21.660
Madhu Thangavelu: liquids on the moon again because to put poison in the water, you need to study that and guess what.

2113
05:40:22.560 --> 05:40:39.300
Madhu Thangavelu: end of December and, at the last administration, a report came out saying that the way to go to Mars is go quickly and the power souls to use for flight and for energy requirements permanence or is nuclear.

2114
05:40:39.990 --> 05:40:53.190
Madhu Thangavelu: Service, the push their go to space arkadin dot.org where Chris and I and mark and Scott and all the brand Sherwood have all written so many beautiful documents, take a look at.

2115
05:40:55.050 --> 05:40:56.400
Madhu Thangavelu: This is my pet peeve.

2116
05:40:57.720 --> 05:41:14.130
Madhu Thangavelu: and Chris said it right he's nailed it is it underground is a place to go and and guess what nature has given us lava tubes on earth to simulate and then execute in extraterrestrial bodies.

2117
05:41:15.720 --> 05:41:31.050
Madhu Thangavelu: can go very fast to Mars right now the consumables for three to six people just that alone makes a spacecraft so and really that I don't think you're going to do that, so we need to go very quickly.

2118
05:41:31.650 --> 05:41:44.010
Madhu Thangavelu: And 1960s, drawing telescopes do that because, in the 1960s we've built nuclear rockets goes regulation collapses down very quickly, but we can go very, very fast.

2119
05:41:45.810 --> 05:41:49.950
Madhu Thangavelu: can be a radiation bass, while you're flying because you may have solar events.

2120
05:41:51.150 --> 05:42:01.470
Madhu Thangavelu: coronal mass ejections, so we are working on Nice protection, this is what it used to look like guess one in December, this is how our nuclear rocket ships.

2121
05:42:03.090 --> 05:42:12.720
Madhu Thangavelu: So we can have one week more stores go around see the planet and come back usually people have one or two week holidays, they don't have three week vacations.

2122
05:42:14.040 --> 05:42:24.240
Madhu Thangavelu: Your ego my own pausing I think Chris numbers, this one, and my own our own design for a Mars Rovers everybody needs to know what to go.

2123
05:42:24.900 --> 05:42:36.240
Madhu Thangavelu: Do on Mars setting up civilization is great, but it requires a great deal of preparation you learn things he'll be flying 100 ships tomorrow before we send people out.

2124
05:42:37.740 --> 05:43:00.180
Madhu Thangavelu: Now, what does it all mean for humanity, you know, there is a institute out there in Sweden that talks about planetary boundaries, we are missing Planet Earth a very, very badly and, in my opinion, space activities set an example of how we can have a minimal footprint civilization.

2125
05:43:01.230 --> 05:43:15.150
Madhu Thangavelu: Sometimes, I think we don't we don't we don't respect nature so much because the native people savor it all right, but you know what we are all astronauts as the guru says.

2126
05:43:16.410 --> 05:43:30.750
Madhu Thangavelu: How, so the question to all the space architects today's How does space architecture fit into this whole thing, where we want to look after Planet Earth and do all the other great things around the solar system and we.

2127
05:43:31.620 --> 05:43:48.150
Madhu Thangavelu: Look at the UN sustainable goals look at the World Economic Forum, they put out regular ideas and new developments, so I gave you a philosophy we had some visions and architectures today and some concepts and engineering input.

2128
05:43:49.320 --> 05:44:06.990
Madhu Thangavelu: This is what I would say I agree with that Ts eliot and with that we will now open to discussion for those who are with us, I would love for your for you all to engage each other and and.

2129
05:44:09.450 --> 05:44:13.140
Madhu Thangavelu: Ken shall we open up with the first questions that came up.

2130
05:44:14.700 --> 05:44:17.070
Madhu Thangavelu: That I recall, we had somewhere let's take a look.

2131
05:44:18.990 --> 05:44:19.260
AIAA LA-LV: yeah.

2132
05:44:21.480 --> 05:44:23.190
Madhu Thangavelu: Can you pull up those questions.

2133
05:44:24.210 --> 05:44:28.590
AIAA LA-LV: Share okay Oh, can I open to any.

2134
05:44:29.850 --> 05:44:45.030
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah we are open to Q amp a and we still got a few people here, so let me ask the first question came from Vitaly I hope your law with us medallia you here yeah he is okay, the question.

2135
05:44:46.290 --> 05:44:54.840
Madhu Thangavelu: about nuclear it's the same old question from 50 years ago, how to be safe, when you launch.

2136
05:44:55.860 --> 05:45:05.820
Madhu Thangavelu: Nuclear Material into orbit or to another planet did somebody else want to say before I before I start, rambling again.

2137
05:45:07.080 --> 05:45:07.230
Kriss Kennedy: Let.

2138
05:45:07.410 --> 05:45:21.030
Kriss Kennedy: me jump in yeah So when I was at NASA and we were contemplating this was gosh and then like I said, the late 80s early 90s, we were on the idea that you know, for some of the facilities.

2139
05:45:21.810 --> 05:45:31.050
Kriss Kennedy: Some of the future ones we needed more power, especially if we were thinking is, are you because that's going to take a lot of power to do all that activity and the manufacturing.

2140
05:45:31.650 --> 05:45:38.550
Kriss Kennedy: So we were pushing nuclear way back then, and you know it came into a lot of discussion, you know.

2141
05:45:39.390 --> 05:45:50.400
Kriss Kennedy: Launching it and so on, so forth, but some of the techniques or the stuff that came was that Los Alamos came up with, as well as Glenn research Center.

2142
05:45:51.000 --> 05:46:13.710
Kriss Kennedy: Is it's it's launched in nerd for the most part, and you can basically blow it up, and it will not contaminate so it there's a lot of work done to until you activate it is it hot, so to speak, from a radiation perspective or contamination perspective, so the aspect of.

2143
05:46:14.820 --> 05:46:24.060
Kriss Kennedy: A rocket failing and falling into the ocean and contaminating the ocean was pretty well dealt with and minimize at least, from what I remember.

2144
05:46:25.710 --> 05:46:27.570
Madhu Thangavelu: That is true, that is what I remember to.

2145
05:46:28.590 --> 05:46:29.970
Madhu Thangavelu: let's go to the next question.

2146
05:46:32.010 --> 05:46:47.400
Madhu Thangavelu: It seems to me we need to wait to design lunar until we get some data on life at partial gravity in Lille whoa that's from Jim and it's Martin you're still here.

2147
05:46:48.660 --> 05:46:50.310
Madhu Thangavelu: Who was who wants to answer that.

2148
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Madhu Thangavelu: I don't know you know my understanding is that the quick way to get partial gravity is to go to them, you know they're there is a the fundamental.

2149
05:47:02.040 --> 05:47:05.820
Madhu Thangavelu: misinterpretation of what we call artificial gravity.

2150
05:47:07.740 --> 05:47:16.890
Madhu Thangavelu: Ground gravity is not artificial gravity thing we call artificial gravity is a centrifugal force that is generated by spending and assimilated force.

2151
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Madhu Thangavelu: of gravity pulls you in word you drop, something it comes back to Mother Earth, or you drop something on the money comes at the moon in a centrifugal case, if you drop something with it rushes out and probably.

2152
05:47:35.280 --> 05:47:43.980
Madhu Thangavelu: You know little up the orbital regime space station has a bunch of little following it from last tools and so on, so.

2153
05:47:45.180 --> 05:47:45.990
Madhu Thangavelu: I don't think.

2154
05:47:48.030 --> 05:47:50.010
Madhu Thangavelu: We need to think more about this Chris.

2155
05:47:50.280 --> 05:48:02.940
Kriss Kennedy: yeah so when we were when I first started at NASA and I did a lot of research and studies and talked with a lot of the Apollo astronauts and the ones that are on the surface, their.

2156
05:48:04.350 --> 05:48:06.150
Kriss Kennedy: Their physiological.

2157
05:48:07.260 --> 05:48:30.420
Kriss Kennedy: degradation was not as severe as the ones that were left in the command module circling, and so they did see some benefit actually even have the one sixth of earth's gravity on the moon, and we also did research and studies about locomotion and you know different one six g type of aspects.

2158
05:48:31.800 --> 05:48:48.360
Kriss Kennedy: And even you know how that might affect internal architecture and designing it but yeah I tend to agree with you, I think the best thing is really and and we shouldn't be afraid of it, we should be going there, we should be there, we should have never stopped going there but, however.

2159
05:48:49.530 --> 05:49:01.920
Kriss Kennedy: You know I think our future is lying waiting for us, and we should not be afraid of the one sixth gravity as matter of fact, I also have a paradigm shift that I think.

2160
05:49:02.340 --> 05:49:07.380
Kriss Kennedy: that the systems, the fluid systems, obviously electrical systems and so on.

2161
05:49:07.890 --> 05:49:24.270
Kriss Kennedy: In for use on the moon, would not be so different because there is a partial gravity, then what we're doing here on earth, and it will not be like ISS hardware that's so high, I challenged us to think a little differently in that regard as well.

2162
05:49:24.810 --> 05:49:34.560
Madhu Thangavelu: yeah absolutely right and to give me the difference between artificial gravity and you know the simulated gravity and and a real gravity.

2163
05:49:35.400 --> 05:49:50.040
Madhu Thangavelu: You know, when you put the big spacecraft that we are testing now starship and into into a flight profile it's kind of parabolic trajectory but, but when the vehicle is in motion.

2164
05:49:51.390 --> 05:50:12.420
Madhu Thangavelu: The acting forces are not just gravity it's centrifugal forces and it's messing up liquids inside the vehicle and hopefully lcs and 11th fly rectifying that but just a thought third question comes oh it's a congratulatory note tutorial.

2165
05:50:13.560 --> 05:50:19.410
Madhu Thangavelu: Say from Kim so I want you, and asked a question, but you did a great job great job.

2166
05:50:20.760 --> 05:50:22.380
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, and.

2167
05:50:22.920 --> 05:50:23.550
Vittorio Netti: very much.

2168
05:50:25.200 --> 05:50:28.230
Madhu Thangavelu: And one for one for Jim.

2169
05:50:29.790 --> 05:50:42.330
Madhu Thangavelu: Jim rowan a is right there, yes, how was your Mars habitat project on earth, I don't see it anymore in your website, I know why its proprietary go for a gym.

2170
05:50:43.530 --> 05:50:44.490
Jim Rhon?: yeah sure.

2171
05:50:45.690 --> 05:50:51.720
Jim Rhon?: No, the reason the reason why it's not when we're actually focusing on the value by the Development right now but.

2172
05:50:52.650 --> 05:51:01.920
Jim Rhon?: You know, building stations first honors and then for Mars is definitely one of our main targets, oh no it's chiller chiller been running and say.

2173
05:51:02.670 --> 05:51:09.090
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, thank you, is that is Sebastian still with us Sebastian or your.

2174
05:51:10.920 --> 05:51:12.180
Madhu Thangavelu: I don't see him on the screen.

2175
05:51:13.380 --> 05:51:14.190
Madhu Thangavelu: So.

2176
05:51:18.720 --> 05:51:20.760
Madhu Thangavelu: I won't even ask the question we could move along.

2177
05:51:21.480 --> 05:51:22.830
AIAA LA-LV: I don't think he is here.

2178
05:51:23.220 --> 05:51:24.600
Madhu Thangavelu: Okay, so there were two.